30 January 2024>: Clinical Research
Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Retrospective Study from a Single Center in Kosovo
Edmond Komoni 1ABCDEFG , Fisnik Jashari 1ACD , Dren Boshnjaku 1DF , Blerim Myftiu 2BF , Melihate Pushka 1BF , Afrim Blyta 1A , Rajmonda Nallbani-Komoni 3ACEF*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.942992
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e942992
Table 2 Severity of COVID-19 symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Variable | Symptoms | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asymptomatic | Mild | Moderate | Severe | ||
Age | 36.8±8.6 | 36.2±10.6 | 43.3±8.1 | 40.6±5.8 | 0.38 |
Gender, n (%) | |||||
Female | 101 (56.4) | 73 (40.8) | 2 (1.1) | 3 (1.7) | 0.62 |
Male | 53 (58.2) | 34 (37.4) | 3 (3.3) | 2 (2.2) | |
Smoking, n (%) | |||||
Yes | 42 (64.6) | 20 (30.8) | 2 (3.1) | 1 (1.5) | 0.41 |
No | 112 (54.4) | 87 (42.2) | 4 (1.5) | 4 (1.9) | |
Hypertension, n (%) | |||||
Yes | 13 (61.9) | 6 (28.5) | 1 (4.7) | 1 (4.7) | 0.62 |
No | 141 (56.4) | 101 (40.4) | 5 (2.0) | 4 (1.2) | |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | |||||
Yes | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.98 |
No | 152 (56.5) | 106 (39.4) | 6 (2.2) | 5 (1.8) | |
EDSS, mean (SD) | 3.7±2.1 | 3.1±2.2 | 4.0±2.4 | 5.5±2.1 | |
Years with MS, mean (SD) | 6.6±3.1 | 8.1±6.5 | 12.1±6.6 | 11.0±4.3 | 0.48 |
Years on DMT, mean (SD) | 2.6±1.5 | 3.1±3.2 | 4.0±4.5 | 5.6±6.3 | 0.12 |
MS type, n (%) | |||||
RR | 107 (55.2) | 84 (43.3) | 3 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
SP | 31 (54.7) | 20 (37.0) | 1 (1.8) | 3 (5.5) | |
PP | 16 (72.7) | 3 (13.6) | 2 (9.1) | 2 (4.5) | |
DMT, n (%) | |||||
None | 12 (60) | 8 (40) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 0.19 |
Interferons | 124 (60.2) | 76 (36.9) | 4 (1.9) | 2 (1.0) | |
Anti-CD20 | 13 (40.6) | 16 (50) | 2 (6.2) | 2 (3.1) | |
Other | 5 (38.5) | 7 (53.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.7) | |
Infratentorial MS lesions on MRI, n (%) | 0.35 | ||||
Yes | 117 (58.2) | 78 (38.8) | 3 (1.5) | 3 (1.5) | |
No | 37 (53.6) | 29 (42.0) | 3 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Vitamin D3 supplementation, n (%) | |||||
none | 53 (57.6) | 36 (39.1) | 2 (2.1) | 1 (1.0) | |
2000 u.i. | 86 (59.3) | 54 (37.2) | 4 (2.7) | 1 (0.6) | |
4000–5000 u.i. | 15 (55.5) | 12 (44.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
>5000 u.i. | 0 (0.0) | 4 (80.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (20.0) | |
DMT – disease-modifying therapy; EDSS – Expanded Disability Status Scale; MS – multiple sclerosis. |