29 February 2024: Review Articles
Review of the Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypoplasia as an Important Determinant of Clinical Outcomes in Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Daria Kuchnowska AEF , Katarzyna Luterek AEF* , Piotr Węgrzyn E , Przemysław Kosiński AEFDOI: 10.12659/MSM.943259
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943259
Table 1 Different methods of prenatal risk assessment of lung hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
| Name | Method of Imaging | Formula, if available | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung area | US | Tracing method or anterior-posterior and transverse measurement at 4-chamber view of the heart | ||
| LHR | US | LHR=LA/HC | ||
| o/e LHR | US | o/e LHR=observed LHR/expected LHR | ||
| QLI | US | QLI-R=100×(LA/HC)QLI-L=144×(LA/HC) | ||
| Presence of liver herniation | US/MRI | — | ||
| Percentage of liver herniation | US/MRI | % of liver herniation=100×(liver above the diaphragm/total liver volume) | ||
| Liver growth inside chest | US | – | ||
| Hyperoxygenation test | Doppler US | – | ||
| Total lung volume | MRI | – | ||
| PI, PEDRF, PSV, proximal branches | Doppler US | – | ||
| US – ultrasound; LHR – lungs-to-head ratio; LA – lung area; HC – head circumference; o/e LHR – observed-to-expected lungs-to-head ratio; CDH – congenital diaphragmatic hernia; FETO – fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion; QLI – quantitative lung index; QLI-R – quantitative lung index – right lung; QLI-L – quantitative lung index – left lung; MRI – magnetic resonance imaging; PI – pulsatility index; PEDRF – peak early diastolic refractory flow; PSV – peak systolic velocity. | ||||