28 June 2024 : Database Analysis
Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) as a Predictor of Short-Term Mortality Risk in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Jie Sun1ABCDEF, Ying Qi1ABCDE, Wenxin Wang1EF, Pengpeng Meng2E, Changjin Han2E, Bing Chen1ABCDEFG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943414
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943414
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Variables | Total (n=7856) | Q1 (n=1964) | Q2 (n=1964) | Q3 (n=1963) | Q4 (n=1965) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ | ≥ | |||||
| Age | 64.7±15.7 | 63.4±15.5 | 64.0±15.9 | 65.2±15.9 | 66.2±15.3 | <0.001 |
| 0.003 | ||||||
| Female | 3327 (42.3) | 803 (40.9) | 794 (40.4) | 832 (42.4) | 898 (45.7) | |
| Male | 4529 (57.7) | 1161 (59.1) | 1170 (59.6) | 1131 (57.6) | 1067 (54.3) | |
| 0.001 | ||||||
| White | 5213 (66.4) | 1234 (62.8) | 1285 (65.4) | 1328 (67.7) | 1366 (69.5) | |
| Black | 758 (9.6) | 222 (11.3) | 192 (9.8) | 182 (9.3) | 162 (8.2) | |
| Hispanic | 201 (2.6) | 60 (3.1) | 50 (2.5) | 39 (2) | 52 (2.6) | |
| Asia | 252 (3.2) | 80 (4.1) | 67 (3.4) | 52 (2.6) | 53 (2.7) | |
| Other | 1432 (18.2) | 368 (18.7) | 370 (18.8) | 362 (18.4) | 332 (16.9) | |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 88.6±16.9 | 88.4±16.5 | 87.4±16.3 | 88.3±17.4 | 90.5±17.4 | <0.001 |
| Mean blood pressure, mmHg | 75.4±9.9 | 75.0±9.6 | 75.6±9.9 | 75.7±10.3 | 75.4±10.0 | 0.141 |
| Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 20.3±4.2 | 19.8±4.3 | 19.9±4.0 | 20.7±4.2 | 21.1±4.2 | <0.001 |
| Temperature, °C | 36.9±0.7 | 36.8±0.6 | 36.9±0.7 | 36.9±0.7 | 36.9±0.7 | 0.015 |
| SPO, % | 96.9±2.3 | 97.2±2.3 | 97.1±2.3 | 96.9±2.2 | 96.6±2.4 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 9.5±2.2 | 8.9±2.0 | 9.6±2.1 | 9.9±2.2 | 9.8±2.1 | <0.001 |
| White blood cell, 10/L | 14.9 (10.3, 20.4) | 11.3 (7.2, 16.4) | 13.8 (10.1, 18.8) | 15.5 (11.1, 20.2) | 18.7 (14.0, 25.6) | <0.001 |
| Platelets, 10/L | 158.0 (105.0, 227.0) | 90.0 (52.0, 125.0) | 144.0 (107.0, 188.0) | 184.0 (138.0, 241.0) | 241.0 (181.0, 335.0) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocytes, 10/L | 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) | 2.0 (1.1, 3.1) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.2) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) | 0.6 (0.4, 1.0) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophils, 10/L | 11.9 (8.0, 16.9) | 7.9 (4.5, 11.7) | 10.9 (7.7, 15.0) | 13.1 (9.2, 17.1) | 16.4(12.1, 22.7) | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.3 (0.9, 2.3) | 1.2 (0.9, 2.0) | 1.3 (0.9, 2.2) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.4) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.4) | <0.001 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 27.0 (18.0, 45.0) | 25.0 (17.0,41.0) | 25.0 (17.0, 42.0) | 30.0 (19.0, 48.5) | 30.0 (19.0, 49.0) | <0.001 |
| Serum bicarbonate, mmol/L | 24.1±4.9 | 23.6±4.4 | 24.4±4.7 | 24.1±5.0 | 24.3±5.3 | <0.001 |
| Serum sodium, mmol/L | 140.0±5.4 | 140.5±5.5 | 140.3±5.2 | 140.0±5.4 | 139.2±5.5 | <0.001 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L | 4.7±0.9 | 4.7±0.9 | 4.7±0.9 | 4.8±1.0 | 4.8±0.9 | 0.048 |
| Serum glucose, mg/dL | 153.0 (122.0, 210.0) | 143.0 (116.0, 192.0) | 148.0 (120.0, 199.5) | 160.0 (127.2, 218.0) | 164.0 (129.0, 223.5) | <0.001 |
| Serum lactate, mmol/L | 2.4 (1.5, 4.0) | 2.8 (1.8, 4.8) | 2.4 (1.6, 3.9) | 2.1 (1.4, 3.6) | 2.1 (1.4, 3.6) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 1630 (20.7) | 352 (17.9) | 420 (21.4) | 436 (22.2) | 422 (21.5) | 0.004 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 3132 (39.9) | 650 (33.1) | 760 (38.7) | 880 (44.8) | 842 (42.8) | <0.001 |
| COPD, (%) | 2411 (30.7) | 478 (24.3) | 588 (29.9) | 608 (31) | 737 (37.5) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 2717 (34.6) | 646 (32.9) | 704 (35.8) | 702 (35.8) | 665 (33.8) | 0.136 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 4368 (55.6) | 1103 (56.2) | 1088 (55.4) | 1074 (54.7) | 1103 (56.1) | 0.769 |
| Chronic kidney diease,n(%) | 2242 (28.5) | 485 (24.7) | 561 (28.6) | 628 (32) | 568 (28.9) | <0.001 |
| Malignant cancer, n (%) | 1132 (14.4) | 345 (17.6) | 181 (9.2) | 264 (13.4) | 342 (17.4) | <0.001 |
| Severe liver disease, n (%) | 652 (8.3) | 283 (14.4) | 173 (8.8) | 113 (5.8) | 83 (4.2) | <0.001 |
| Metastatic solid tumor,n (%) | 503 (6.4) | 102 (5.2) | 69 (3.5) | 130 (6.6) | 202 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| SOFA score | 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 6.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) | <0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 6.3±2.9 | 6.2±2.9 | 6.1±2.8 | 6.5±2.9 | 6.6±3.0 | <0.001 |
| SAPS II | 44.2±14.2 | 44.3±14.9 | 42.8±14.2 | 44.2±14.0 | 45.4±13.8 | <0.001 |
| AKI stage | <0.001 | |||||
| 1 | 1463 (18.6) | 410 (20.9) | 368 (18.7) | 365 (18.6) | 320 (16.3) | |
| 2 | 3498 (44.5) | 893 (45.5) | 924 (47) | 850 (43.3) | 831 (42.3) | |
| 3 | 2895 (36.9) | 661 (33.7) | 672 (34.2) | 748 (38.1) | 814 (41.4) | |
| Vasopressors use | 3234 (41.2) | 731 (37.2) | 794 (40.4) | 853 (43.5) | 856 (43.6) | <0.001 |
| Invasive ventilation | 5381 (68.5) | 1406 (71.6) | 1401 (71.3) | 1329 (67.7) | 1245 (63.4) | <0.001 |
| RRT | 1289 (16.4) | 338 (17.2) | 330 (16.8) | 328 (16.7) | 293 (14.9) | 0.214 |
| Hospital | 1661 (21.1) | 410 (20.9) | 328 (16.7) | 410 (20.9) | 513 (26.1) | <0.001 |
| 28-days | 1943 (24.7) | 447 (22.8) | 369 (18.8) | 505 (25.7) | 622 (31.7) | <0.001 |
| AKI – acute kidney injury; SPO2 – pulse oxygen saturation; BUN – blood urea nitrogen; COPD – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; SOFA – sequential organ failure assessment; SAPS II – simplified acute physiology score II; RRT – Renal Replacement Therapy. | ||||||