Comparison of Presentation Types and Clinical Findings of Rural and Urban Patients with Mastalgia: A Retrospective Analysis
of 730 Patients from Turkey

14 March 2024: Clinical Research

Gultekin Ozan Kucuk ^ABCDEF*

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943448

Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943448

Table 4 Logistic regression analysis results for risk factors affecting left breast upper-inner quadrant pain.

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Variables	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value

Age	1.003 (0.982–1.025)	0.772
Menopause status	1.294 (0.704–2.376)	0.406
Parity history	1.011 (0.89–1.147)	0.868
Smoking status	0.841 (0.402–1.757)	0.645
Radiologic findings
Ductal ectasia	2.188 (0.681–7.029)	0.188
Mastitis or inflammation	0 (0-NA)	0.998
Comorbid medical conditions
Thyroid disease	1.051 (0.406–2.725)	0.918
Hypertension	1.202 (0.505–2.861)	0.678
Gastrointestinal disease	3.132 (1.257–7.806)	0.014^*	3.132 (1.257–7.806)	0.014^*

Age	1.013 (0.996–1.03)	0.144
Menopause status	1.499 (0.925–2.429)	0.101
Parity history	1.174 (1.035–1.332)	0.013^*	1.111 (0.972–1.269)	0.122
Smoking status	0.747 (0.474–1.176)	0.208
Radiologic findings
Ductal ectasia	3.055 (1.211–7.708)	0.018^*	2.878 (1.108–7.475)	0.03^*
Mastitis or inflammation	0.711 (0.151–3.336)	0.665
Comorbid medical conditions
Thyroid disease	2.47 (1.339–4.556)	0.004^**	2.482 (1.33–4.634)	0.004^**
Hypertension	3.027 (1.606–5.707)	0.001^**	2.534 (1.3–4.939)	0.006^**
Gastrointestinal disease	1.304 (0.494–3.439)	0.592
OR – odds ratio; CI – confidence interval; NA – not applicable. ^* ^** Variables with values less than 0.05 in the univariate analysis were selected for the multivariate analysis.