30 May 2024 : Database Analysis
Maternal Exposure to Environmental Air Pollution and Premature Rupture of Membranes: Evidence from Southern China
Xiaowu Yang1ABCDEG*, Fengsheng Xu2DF, Gongyan Ma3CD, Feng Pu1BDOI: 10.12659/MSM.943601
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943601
Table 1 General characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristics [Mean±SD, n (%)] | Total (n =4276) | PROM (n =693) | Non-PROM (n=3583) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 33.69±4.39 | 35.24±4.71 | 33.39±4.27 | <0.01 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | 21.79±3.04 | 21.55±2.94 | 23.03±3.22 | <0.01 |
| Household income, USD/month | 0.33 | |||
| <600 | 2771 (64.8) | 463 (66.81) | 2308 (64.42) | |
| 600–1200 | 1328 (31.06) | 199 (28.72) | 1129 (31.51) | |
| ≥1200 | 177 (4.14) | 31 (4.47) | 146 (4.07) | |
| Education | 0.09 | |||
| ≥13 years | 1677 (39.22) | 292 (42.14) | 1385 (38.65) | |
| <13 years | 2599 (60.78) | 401 (57.86) | 2198 (61.35) | |
| Premature birth | 0.02 | |||
| No | 3914 (95.65) | 615 (93.89) | 3299 (95.98) | |
| Yes | 178 (4.35) | 40 (6.11) | 138 (4.02) | |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus | <0.01 | |||
| No | 3594 (84.05) | 61 (8.80) | 3533 (98.60) | |
| Yes | 682 (15.95) | 632 (91.20) | 632 (91.20) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 69.34±7.50 | 71.56±7.59 | 68.91±7.40 | <0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 110.94±9.98 | 113.67±10.16 | 110.41±9.86 | <0.01 |
| Family history of diabetes | <0.01 | |||
| No | 3881 (90.76) | 568 (81.96) | 3313 (92.46) | |
| Yes | 395 (9.24) | 125 (18.04) | 270 (7.54) | |
| Passive smoking | 0.07 | |||
| No | 2465 (57.65) | 377 (54.40) | 2088 (58.28) | 377 (54.40) |
| Yes | 1811 (42.35) | 316 (45.60) | 1495 (41.72) | 316 (45.60) |
| Parity | <0.01 | |||
| 1 | 1882 (44.01) | 235 (33.91) | 1647 (45.97) | |
| ≥2 | 2394 (55.99) | 458 (66.09) | 1936 (54.03) | |
| Season of delivery | 0.02 | |||
| Spring | 1108 (25.91) | 161 (23.23) | 947 (26.43) | |
| Summer | 1169 (27.34) | 183 (26.41) | 986 (27.52) | |
| Autumn | 909 (21.26) | 140 (20.20) | 769 (21.46) | |
| Winter | 1090 (25.49) | 209 (30.16) | 881 (24.59) | |
| Physical activity, days/week | 0.47 | |||
| <3 | 2161 (50.54) | 359 (51.80) | 1802 (50.29) | |
| ≥3 | 2115 (49.46) | 334 (48.20) | 1781 (49.71) | |
| Temperature, °C | 4.61±1.01 | 4.64±1.00 | 4.60±1.01 | 0.41 |
| Humidity, g/m | 24.12±1.11 | 24.19±1.16 | 24.11±1.10 | 0.06 |