04 October 2024 : Database Analysis
Depressive Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis: Links to Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Functional Ability
Elżbieta Cieśla
1ACDEF*, Elżbieta Jasińska 1ABDF, Martyna Głuszek-Osuch 1ADEF, Edyta Suliga 1ABDEFG
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.943977
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943977
Table 1 Baseline characteristic of multiplex sclerosis patients by severity of depression.
| Variables | Without depression (BDI–II <14)N=84 | With depression (BDI–II ≥14)N=26 | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender N;% (95% CI) | Men | 20 | 23.81 | 4 | 15.38 | 0.363u | ref. | 0.367 |
| Women | 64 | 76.19 | 22 | 84.62 | 1.72 (0.53–5.58) | |||
| Age (years) X±SD; Me (IQR) | 42.09±11.33 | 42.00 (16.50) | 46.85±13.25 | 49.00 (19.00) | 0.072t | 1.04 (0.99–1.08) | 0.078 | |
| Period of MS (years) X±SD; Me (IQR) | 10.27±7.85 | 8.00 (12.00) | 12.41±10.43 | 10.00 (16.00) | 0.491u | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.232 | |
| Types of MS N; % | ||||||||
| RRMS | 77 | 91.67 | 22 | 84.61 | 0.265c | ref. | ||
| SPMS | 5 | 5.95 | 3 | 11.54 | 2.20 (0.49–9.96) | 0.306 | ||
| PPMS | 2 | 2.38 | 1 | 3.85 | 3.67 (0.49–27.60) | 0.207 | ||
| Comorbidities | No | 52 | 61.90 | 15 | 57.69 | 0.840c | ref. | |
| Yes | 32 | 38.10 | 11 | 42.31 | 1.10 (0.45–2.66) | 0.840 | ||
| Somatic traits X±SD; Me (IQR) | ||||||||
| Body height (cm) | 168.33±8.38 | 168.00 (12.50) | 167.07±15.02 | 68.40 (21.90) | 0.141t | 0.98 (0.93–1.04) | 0.515 | |
| Body mass (kg) | 69.37±15.62 | 66.65 (19.65) | 71.99±15.02 | 68.40 (21.90) | 0.410u | 1.01 (0.98=1.04) | 0.474 | |
| WC (cm) | 81.95±13.53 | 80.00 (16.50) | 85.41±13.87 | 83.00 (21.00) | 0.296u | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) | 0.273 | |
| BMI (kg/m) | 24.39±4.69 | 23.40 (5.05) | 25.81±5.41 | 24.80 (6.20) | 0.254u | 1.06 (0.97–1.15) | 0.215 | |
| % BF | 26.82±8.22 | 27.05 (9.35) | 31.03±7.61 | 30.00 (10.60) | ||||
| Fat mass (kg) | 19.23±9.40 | 18.30 (9.50) | 23.32±9.98 | 21.45 (13.10) | 0.065 | |||
| VFL | 5.48±3.61 | 5.00 (4.50) | 6.81±4.95 | 5.00 (5.00) | 0.300u | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | 0.149 | |
| FFM (kg) | 50.13±9.55 | 47.85 (14.15) | 46.90±6.72 | 46.70 (7.90) | 0.997u | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.679 | |
| PMM (kg) | 47.61±9.10 | 45.45 (13.45) | 46.90±6.72 | 46.70 (7.90) | 0.997u | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.677 | |
| Physical activity and sedentary behaviour X±SD; Me (IQR) | ||||||||
| VMC (10 counts/day) | 1808.2±604.4 | 1671.7 (672.7) | 1667.8±377.6 | 1684.8 (531.1) | 0.295u | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.292 | |
| % of sedentary time | 62.10±6.99 | 63.05 (8.82) | 62.72±6.48 | 61.21 (11.96) | 0.685t | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 0.681 | |
| % in LPA | 22.37±3.60 | 22.29 (4.03) | 22.86±4.22 | 22.02 (5.60) | 0.560t | 1.04 (0.01–2.21) | 0.168 | |
| % in MVPA | 15.53±5.66 | 14.79 (6.58) | 14.42±4.00 | 14.48 (6.59) | 0.348t | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) | 0.346 | |
| Functional fitness X±SD; Me (IQR) | ||||||||
| EDSS score (pts) | 2.46±1.46 | 2.00 (2.00) | 2.61±1.66 | 2.50 (2.00) | 0.423u | 1.09 (0.82–1.46) | 0.418 | |
| T25-FW (sec) | 5.76±4.87 | 4.61 (1.35) | 6.30±2.01 | 5.58 (3.04) | 1.11 (0.96–1.28) | 0.166 | ||
| 9-HPT, dominant hand (sec) | 20.16±3.77 | 19.39 (4.19) | 24.02±7.24 | 20.73 (9.39) | ||||
| 9-HPT, non-dominant hand (sec) | 22.04±5.66 | 20.66 (4.49) | 26.20±10.36 | 22.89 (10.61) | 0.060u | |||
| Dominant hand grip strenght (kG) | 39.46±22.28 | 30.00 (19.80) | 36.73±21.32 | 29.20 (19.30) | 0.577u | 0.99 (0.971.02) | 0.549 | |
| Non-dominant hand grip strenght (kG) | 35.97±19.71 | 27.85 (23.35) | 33.97±22.23 | 27.85 (27.60) | 0.657u | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.637 | |
| Sum of strenght (kG) | 37.71±20.27 | 29.28 (20.63) | 35.35±21.52 | 29.20 (21.55) | 0.545u | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.580 | |
| Relative strength to body mass (kG/kg) | 0.55±0.26 | 0.46 (0.30) | 0.51±0.31 | 0.40 (0.35) | 0.201u | 0.56 (0.10–3.07) | 0.501 | |
| X – arithmetic mean; SD – standard deviation; Me – median; IQR – interquartile range; p – significance level; u – U-Mann-Whitney test; t – Student test; c – chi square test; OR – odds ratio; CI – confidence interval; RRMS – relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; SPMS – secondary progressive multiple sclerosis; PPMS – primary progressive multiple sclerosis; WC – waist circumerence; BMI – body mass index; %BF – %body fat; VFL – visceral fat level; FFM – fat free mass; PMM – predictive muscle mass; VMC – vector magnitude counts; LPA – light physical activity; MVPA – moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; 9-HPT – Nine-Hole Peg Test; T25-FW – Timed 25-Foot Walk. | ||||||||