25 July 2024 : Clinical Research
Olfactory Dysfunction as a Marker for Cognitive Impairment in General Paresis of the Insane: A Clinical Study
Shuang Liang1ABCDEF, Ben Chen1ABCDEF, Meiling Liu1BCD, Qiang Wang
1B, Mingfeng Yang1B, Gaohong Lin1D, Danyan Xu1C, Yijie Zeng1B, Jingyi Lao1C, Jiafu Li1B, Qin Liu1B, Kexin Yao1B, Zhangying Wu1B, Min Zhang1B, Wenyue Shi2B, Linglong Qin2B, Xiaomei Zhong1AFG, Yuping Ning1345AEG*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.944243
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944243
Table 2 Percentage (%) of neuropsychiatric symptoms for patients with GPI.
| 12 Items of NPI | Number of cases (n) | % of total cases |
|---|---|---|
| Nighttime behavioral disturbances | 29 | 78.4 |
| Irritability | 19 | 51.4 |
| Apathy | 19 | 51.4 |
| Agitation | 15 | 40.5 |
| Hallucination | 13 | 35.1 |
| Delusion | 11 | 29.7 |
| Aberrant motor behavior | 9 | 24.3 |
| Depression | 8 | 21.6 |
| Anxiety | 7 | 18.9 |
| Euphoria | 6 | 16.2 |
| Disinhibition | 6 | 16.2 |
| Appetite | 5 | 13.5 |
| GPI – general paresis of the insane; NPI – neuropsychiatric inventory. | ||