06 June 2024 : Review article
Use of Antimicrobial Silver Coatings on Fixed Orthodontic Appliances, Including Archwires, Brackets, and Microimplants: A Systematic Review
Magdalena Sycińska-Dziarnowska
1ABCDEF*, Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld 12DF, Magdalena Ziąbka 3E, Gianrico Spagnuolo 45E, Krzysztof Woźniak 1E
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.944255
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944255
Table 2 Studies Investigating antimicrobial coatings on orthodontic wires, brackets and microimplants: Key findings.
| Author, year | Key findings |
|---|---|
| Anand, 2023 []33 | The bacterial cell membrane was disrupted by silver ions, as confirmed by TEM examination |
| Bącela, 2022 []19 | After 4 h, the TiO: Ag coated surface exhibited a significant reduction in bacterial adhesion to the wire, achieving a 74% decrease, statistically significant at a p-value less than 0.05. The utilization of stainless-steel wires with a TiO: Ag coating provides not only suitable antimicrobial activity but also demonstrates resistance to biofilm formation |
| Espinosa-Cristóbal, 2018 []10 | The antimicrobial inhibition effects against were superior in smaller AgNPs samples compared to larger AgNPs demonstrating significant differences between 2 groups (P<0.05).Both size of AgNPs demonstrated the capacity to impede the adhesion and growth of on the surfaces of orthodontic brackets and orthodontic wires. However, the smaller AgNPs had more notable impact |
| Farheen, 2022 []27 | The AgNPs exhibited notable inhibitory and anti-biofilm effects against , and , demonstrating significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities |
| Gil, 2020 []21 | The incorporation of silver nanoparticles reduced the presence of bacteria by more than 90%. This antimicrobial effect was achieved without any change in colorimetric and mechanical properties, nor did it affect the levels of nickel release from NiTi wires |
| Gonçalves, 2020 []20 | The biofilm formation by demonstrated statistical significance (p<0.05) when compared to the control group. Coating did not affect physio-chemical properties of wires, and wires demonstrated efficacy in preventing bacterial adhesion and inhibiting the formation of biofilm by and |
| Lee, 2020 []28 | The materials demonstrated effectiveness against and . The surfaces exhibit antibacterial properties that are capable of combating these common bacteria |
| Mhaske, 2015 []12 | When compared to the groups containing uncoated wires, the groups containing surface-modified wires exhibited a statistically significant decrease in the survival rate of , as expressed by CFU. Uncoated stainless steel (836.60±48.97), silver-modified stainless steel (220.90±30.73), uncoated NiTi (748.90±35.64), and surface-modified NiTi (203.20±41.94) |
| Nafarrate-Valdez, 2022 []18 | AgNPs significantly reduced the adhesion and growth capacity of on the surfaces of conventional orthodontic archwires, and demonstrated the anti-adherent and antimicrobial properties associated with the incorporation of AgNPs into these materials |
| Ameli, 2022 []23 | The average colony count for the 3 experimental groups showed a significant difference compared to the control group at 90 days, indicating strong antibacterial efficacy (P<0.001) |
| Ghasemi, 2017 []22 | The coated brackets exhibited a significant decrease in bacterial colony counts (P<0.05) |
| Jasso-Ruiz, 2019 []11 | The antibacterial effect observed during in vitro evaluation of brackets coated with AgNPs against and was high. When compared to the control brackets, those with the AgNPs displayed a significant inhibitory effect on microbial growth |
| Jasso-Ruiz, 2020 []24 | Reduced bacterial adhesion for both types of microorganisms was observed in all groups with AgNPs compared to control groups |
| Ryu, 2012 []25 | The bacterial growth on the specimens coated with silver was significantly decreased, with an approximate reduction of 60% |
| Zeidan, 2022 []13 | In comparison to the uncoated bracket, all types of coatings displayed greater antibacterial effect (P<0.05) |
| Fathy Abo-Elmahasen, 2023 []26 | The antimicrobial activity of the tested microimplants was observed against all the investigated microorganisms (against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and fungal strains) |
| Subramanian, 2022 []9 | Ti-BP-AgNPs exhibited antibacterial effects against Lactobacillus and bacteria. Regarding the zone of inhibition was slightly smaller compared to other bacteria |
| Venugopal, 2017 []14 | The Ti-BP-AgNP microimplants showed strong antimicrobial activity with clear zones of inhibition against all 3 bacteria cultures tested |
| AgNPs – silver nanoparticles; CFU – Colony Forming Unit; TEM – Transmission Electron Microscopy; NiTi – archwires: nickel-titanium. | |