01 July 2024 : Clinical Research
Effect of COVID-19 on Thrombosis Incidence and Patient Prognosis in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Hao Jiang1ABCDEFG*, Zhijun Cao2ABC, Li Liu3AC, Yuhua Huang2DEDOI: 10.12659/MSM.944285
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944285
Table 1 Study participant characteristics at enrollment.
| Variables | Total (n=394) | Cohort, median (IQR) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-thrombosis (n=365) | Thrombosis (n=29) | |||
| Age, Median (Q1, Q3) | 42 (35, 51) | 42 (35, 51) | 42 (38, 49) | 0.639 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.416 | |||
| Female | 143 (36) | 135 (37) | 8 (28) | |
| Male | 251 (64) | 230 (63) | 21 (72) | |
| BMI, Median (Q1, Q3) | 23.28 (20.77, 25.45) | 23.2 (20.76, 25.23) | 23.91 (21.17, 26.03) | 0.355 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0.207 | |||
| No | 41 (10) | 36 (10) | 5 (17) | |
| Yes | 353 (90) | 329 (90) | 24 (83) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0.014 | |||
| No | 356 (90) | 334 (92) | 22 (76) | |
| Yes | 38 (10) | 31 (8) | 7 (24) | |
| Hyperuricemia, n (%) | 0.269 | |||
| No | 363 (92) | 338 (93) | 25 (86) | |
| Yes | 31 (8) | 27 (7) | 4 (14) | |
| Primary disease, n (%) | 0.116 | |||
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | 65 (16) | 60 (16) | 5 (17) | |
| Chronic renal failure | 259 (66) | 243 (67) | 16 (55) | |
| IgA nephropathy | 42 (11) | 35 (10) | 7 (24) | |
| Others | 28 (7) | 27 (7) | 1 (3) | |
| Preoperative dialysis modality, n (%) | 0.147 | |||
| Abdominal dialysis | 139 (35) | 133 (36) | 6 (21) | |
| Hemodialysis | 219 (56) | 200 (55) | 19 (66) | |
| Hemodialysis+abdominal dialysis | 18 (5) | 17 (5) | 1 (3) | |
| None | 18 (5) | 15 (4) | 3 (10) | |
| Day of diagnosis, Median (Q1, Q3) | – | – | 51 (43, 56) | – |
| D. dimer, Median (Q1, Q3) | 2.76 (2.01, 3.57) | 2.69 (2.01, 3.43) | 5.9 (2.94, 7.79) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 1 | |||
| No | 273 (69) | 253 (69) | 20 (69) | |
| Yes | 121 (31) | 112 (31) | 9 (31) | |
| Length of surgery, Median (Q1, Q3) | 4.54 (3.74, 5.17) | 4.52 (3.74, 5.18) | 4.83 (3.91, 5.14) | 0.383 |
| History of blood transfusions, n (%) | 0.087 | |||
| No | 387 (98) | 360 (99) | 27 (93) | |
| Yes | 7 (2) | 5 (1) | 2 (7) | |
| Family.history.of.thrombosis, n (%) | 0.126 | |||
| No | 367 (93) | 342 (94) | 25 (86) | |
| Yes | 27 (7) | 23 (6) | 4 (14) | |
| Preoperative creatinine, Median (Q1, Q3) | 983.64±317 | 974.19±317.28 | 1102.51±293.27 | 0.031 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, Median (Q1, Q3) | 332.35 (250.23, 453.75) | 317.4 (244.9, 401.3) | 1307 (1273, 1396) | <0.001 |
| Preoperative Hb, Median (Q1, Q3) | 94 (83, 108) | 94 (83, 107)6 | 96 (84, 117) | 0.656 |
| Preoperative PLT, Median (Q1, Q3) | 161 (117.25, 210.75) | 159 (117, 207) | 175 (138, 243) | 0.067 |
| Preoperative WBC, Median (Q1, Q3) | 10.3 (7.74, 13.29) | 10.34 (7.77, 13.45) | 9.53 (6.89, 12.95) | 0.438 |
| Postoperativ Hb, Median (Q1, Q3) | 95 (83, 108.75) | 95 (82, 107) | 103 (90, 117) | 0.019 |
| Postoperative PLT, Median (Q1, Q3) | 158.5 (112.5, 209) | 164 (125, 215) | 36 (24, 49) | <0.001 |
| Postoperative WBC, Median (Q1, Q3) | 7.04 (5.58, 8.74) | 6.92 (5.56, 8.7) | 8.22 (7.14, 9.4) | 0.045 |
| Cyclosporine, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 332 (85) | 321 (88) | 11 (38) | |
| Yes | 62 (15) | 44 (12) | 18 (62) | |
| Primidone, n (%) | 0.517 | |||
| No | 161 (41) | 147 (40) | 14 (48) | |
| Yes | 233 (59) | 218 (60) | 15 (52) | |
| Acute rejection, n (%) | 0.596 | |||
| No | 332 (84) | 306 (84) | 26 (90) | |
| Yes | 62 (16) | 59 (16) | 3 (10) | |
| Delayed recovery of renal function, n (%) | 0.242 | |||
| No | 312 (79) | 292 (80) | 20 (69) | |
| Yes | 82 (21) | 73 (20) | 9 (31) | |
| Perioperative infections, n (%) | 0.801 | |||
| No | 229 (58) | 211 (58) | 18 (62) | |
| Yes | 165 (42) | 154 (42) | 11 (38) | |
| Perioperative COVID-19, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 343 (87) | 331 (91) | 12 (41) | |
| Yes | 51 (13) | 34 (9) | 17 (59) | |
| Status, n (%) | 0.015 | |||
| Alive | 391 (99) | 364 (100) | 27 (93) | |
| Dead | 3 (1) | 1 (0) | 2 (7) | |
| PLT – thrombocyte; LDH – lactate dehydrogenase; WBC – white blood cells. | ||||