05 August 2024 : Clinical Research
Preoperative Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels and Three-Year Mortality in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients: Insights from a Prospective Cohort Study
Yimin Chen

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.944465
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944465
Table 1 Baseline characteristics between 2 groups divided by a median TSH value at admission.
Variables | Total (n=799) | Lower (n=400) | Higher (n=399) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, Mean±SD | 79.7±7.8 | 80.6±7.5 | 78.9±8.0 | 0.002 |
Female, n (%) | 586 (73.3) | 283 (70.8) | 303 (75.9) | 0.097 |
BMI, kg/m, Mean±SD | 22.9±3.9 | 22.7±3.8 | 23.2±3.9 | 0.074 |
CCI, n (%) | 0.564 | |||
0 | 254 (31.8) | 119 (29.8) | 135 (33.8) | |
1 | 290 (36.3) | 150 (37.5) | 140 (35.1) | |
2 | 161 (20.2) | 80 (20) | 81 (20.3) | |
≥3 | 94 (11.8) | 51 (12.8) | 43 (10.8) | |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
Diabetes | 207 (25.9) | 97 (24.2) | 110 (27.6) | 0.284 |
Hypertension | 444 (55.6) | 222 (55.5) | 222 (55.6) | 0.968 |
Apoplexy | 157 (19.6) | 86 (21.5) | 71 (17.8) | 0.187 |
Atrial fibrillation | 47 (5.9) | 28 (7) | 19 (4.8) | 0.179 |
Acute pneumonia | 75 (9.4) | 36 (9) | 39 (9.8) | 0.707 |
DVT | 54 (6.8) | 25 (6.2) | 29 (7.3) | 0.566 |
Cognitive impairment | 79 (9.9) | 48 (12) | 31 (7.8) | 0.045 |
Visual impairment | 312 (39.3) | 151 (37.8) | 161 (40.9) | 0.384 |
Ever or current smokers, n (%) | 127 (15.9) | 69 (17.2) | 58 (14.5) | 0.294 |
Current drinkers, n (%) | 40 (5.0) | 20 (5) | 20 (5) | 0.994 |
Educational level, n (%) | 0.791 | |||
Illiterate | 158 (19.8) | 84 (21) | 74 (18.5) | |
Primary school or lower | 205 (25.7) | 104 (26) | 101 (25.3) | |
High school | 216 (27.0) | 106 (26.5) | 110 (27.6) | |
University or higher | 220 (27.5) | 106 (26.5) | 114 (28.6) | |
MMSE scale, Mean±SD | 20.5±5.2 | 20.2±5.3 | 20.8±5.1 | 0.109 |
Live alone, n (%) | 92 (11.6) | 53 (13.3) | 39 (9.9) | 0.133 |
Live at home, n (%) | 479 (60.4) | 233 (58.4) | 246 (62.4) | 0.245 |
Housebound, n (%) | 187 (23.4) | 92 (23) | 95 (23.9) | 0.772 |
Mobility before injury, n (%) | 0.410 | |||
Walk freely without aid | 567 (71.0) | 284 (71) | 283 (70.9) | |
Walking with aids | 217 (27.2) | 111 (27.8) | 106 (26.6) | |
No functional mobility | 15 (1.9) | 5 (1.2) | 10 (2.5) | |
Non-ground level fall, n (%) | 93 (11.8) | 48 (12.2) | 45 (11.4) | 0.740 |
TTS within 48 h, n (%) | 608 (76.1) | 319 (79.8) | 289 (72.4) | 0.015 |
Fracture type, n (%) | 0.114 | |||
FNF | 364 (45.6) | 169 (42.2) | 195 (48.9) | |
ITF | 416 (52.1) | 219 (54.8) | 197 (49.4) | |
STF | 19 (2.4) | 12 (3) | 7 (1.8) | |
Fracture side, n (%) | 0.941 | |||
Left | 373 (46.7) | 189 (47.2) | 184 (46.1) | |
Right | 418 (52.3) | 207 (51.7) | 211 (52.9) | |
Bilateral | 8 (1.0) | 4 (1) | 4 (1) | |
Hb, g/L, Mean±SD | 114.4±18.6 | 113.3±18.7 | 115.4±18.5 | 0.104 |
Albumin, g/L, Mean±SD | 40.3±3.7 | 40.1±3.5 | 40.5±3.9 | 0.109 |
Crea, umol/L, Mean±SD | 63.3±24.9 | 62.8±22.2 | 63.8±27.4 | 0.580 |
NT-proBNP, pg/ml, Median (IQR) | 261.6 (131.9, 529.8) | 278.1 (142.0, 541.5) | 239.1 (126.1, 511.3) | 0.227 |
FT3, pmol/L, Mean±SD | 3.3±0.7 | 3.2±0.8 | 3.3±0.7 | 0.046 |
FT4, pmol/L, Mean±SD | 16.4±2.9 | 16.7±3.0 | 16.1±2.8 | 0.005 |
ASA, n (%) | 0.865 | |||
I | 107 (13.4) | 55 (13.8) | 52 (13) | |
II | 405 (50.7) | 199 (49.8) | 206 (51.6) | |
≥III | 287 (35.9) | 146 (36.5) | 141 (35.3) | |
Anesthesia type, n (%) | 0.561 | |||
Spinal | 772 (96.6) | 385 (96.2) | 387 (97) | |
General | 27 (3.4) | 15 (3.8) | 12 (3) | |
Operation type, n (%) | 0.920 | |||
Internal fixation | 508 (63.6) | 255 (63.7) | 253 (63.4) | |
Arthroplasty | 291 (36.4) | 145 (36.2) | 146 (36.6) | |
Physiotherapy, n (%) | 132 (16.5) | 79 (19.8) | 53 (13.3) | 0.014 |
LOS, days, Median (IQR) | 5.0 (4.0, 6.5) | 5.0 (4.0, 6.7) | 5.0 (4.0, 6.2) | 0.922 |
* Physiotherapy involves the assessment and/or recommendations provided by a physical therapist (or rehabilitation therapist) on the first day following surgery. SD – standard deviation; BMI – body mass index; CCI – Charlson’s comorbidity index; DVT – deep vein thrombosis; MMSE – mini-mental state examination; TTS – time to surgery; FNF – femoral neck fracture; ITF – intertrochanteric fracture; STF – subtrochanteric fracture; Hb – hemoglobin; Crea – creatinine; NT-proBNP – N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; FT3 – free triiodothyronine; FT4 – free thyroxine; ASA – American Society of Anesthesiologists; LOS – length of stay; IQR – inter-quartiles range. |