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05 August 2024 : Clinical Research  

Preoperative Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels and Three-Year Mortality in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients: Insights from a Prospective Cohort Study

Yimin Chen ORCID logo123ABCDEF, Chao Tu123EF, Gang Liu123ABDG, Mingjian Bei456BF, Jing Zhang57CD, Zhelun Tan123BF, Yufeng Ge123BF, Weidong Peng123BF, Feng Gao ORCID logo123BD, Maoyi Tian89AB, Minghui Yang123ABG*, Xinbao Wu123ABC

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.944465

Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e944465

Table 1 Baseline characteristics between 2 groups divided by a median TSH value at admission.

VariablesTotal (n=799)Lower (n=400)Higher (n=399)P
Age, years, Mean±SD79.7±7.880.6±7.578.9±8.00.002
Female, n (%)586 (73.3)283 (70.8)303 (75.9)0.097
BMI, kg/m, Mean±SD22.9±3.922.7±3.823.2±3.90.074
CCI, n (%)0.564
 0254 (31.8)119 (29.8)135 (33.8)
 1290 (36.3)150 (37.5)140 (35.1)
 2161 (20.2)80 (20)81 (20.3)
 ≥394 (11.8)51 (12.8)43 (10.8)
Comorbidities, n (%)
 Diabetes207 (25.9)97 (24.2)110 (27.6)0.284
 Hypertension444 (55.6)222 (55.5)222 (55.6)0.968
 Apoplexy157 (19.6)86 (21.5)71 (17.8)0.187
 Atrial fibrillation47 (5.9)28 (7)19 (4.8)0.179
 Acute pneumonia75 (9.4)36 (9)39 (9.8)0.707
 DVT54 (6.8)25 (6.2)29 (7.3)0.566
 Cognitive impairment79 (9.9)48 (12)31 (7.8)0.045
 Visual impairment312 (39.3)151 (37.8)161 (40.9)0.384
Ever or current smokers, n (%)127 (15.9)69 (17.2)58 (14.5)0.294
Current drinkers, n (%)40 (5.0)20 (5)20 (5)0.994
Educational level, n (%)0.791
 Illiterate158 (19.8)84 (21)74 (18.5)
 Primary school or lower205 (25.7)104 (26)101 (25.3)
 High school216 (27.0)106 (26.5)110 (27.6)
 University or higher220 (27.5)106 (26.5)114 (28.6)
MMSE scale, Mean±SD20.5±5.220.2±5.320.8±5.10.109
Live alone, n (%)92 (11.6)53 (13.3)39 (9.9)0.133
Live at home, n (%)479 (60.4)233 (58.4)246 (62.4)0.245
Housebound, n (%)187 (23.4)92 (23)95 (23.9)0.772
Mobility before injury, n (%)0.410
 Walk freely without aid567 (71.0)284 (71)283 (70.9)
 Walking with aids217 (27.2)111 (27.8)106 (26.6)
 No functional mobility15 (1.9)5 (1.2)10 (2.5)
Non-ground level fall, n (%)93 (11.8)48 (12.2)45 (11.4)0.740
TTS within 48 h, n (%)608 (76.1)319 (79.8)289 (72.4)0.015
Fracture type, n (%)0.114
 FNF364 (45.6)169 (42.2)195 (48.9)
 ITF416 (52.1)219 (54.8)197 (49.4)
 STF19 (2.4)12 (3)7 (1.8)
Fracture side, n (%)0.941
 Left373 (46.7)189 (47.2)184 (46.1)
 Right418 (52.3)207 (51.7)211 (52.9)
 Bilateral8 (1.0)4 (1)4 (1)
Hb, g/L, Mean±SD114.4±18.6113.3±18.7115.4±18.50.104
Albumin, g/L, Mean±SD40.3±3.740.1±3.540.5±3.90.109
Crea, umol/L, Mean±SD63.3±24.962.8±22.263.8±27.40.580
NT-proBNP, pg/ml, Median (IQR)261.6 (131.9, 529.8)278.1 (142.0, 541.5)239.1 (126.1, 511.3)0.227
FT3, pmol/L, Mean±SD3.3±0.73.2±0.83.3±0.70.046
FT4, pmol/L, Mean±SD16.4±2.916.7±3.016.1±2.80.005
ASA, n (%)0.865
 I107 (13.4)55 (13.8)52 (13)
 II405 (50.7)199 (49.8)206 (51.6)
 ≥III287 (35.9)146 (36.5)141 (35.3)
Anesthesia type, n (%)0.561
 Spinal772 (96.6)385 (96.2)387 (97)
 General27 (3.4)15 (3.8)12 (3)
Operation type, n (%)0.920
 Internal fixation508 (63.6)255 (63.7)253 (63.4)
 Arthroplasty291 (36.4)145 (36.2)146 (36.6)
Physiotherapy, n (%)132 (16.5)79 (19.8)53 (13.3)0.014
LOS, days, Median (IQR)5.0 (4.0, 6.5)5.0 (4.0, 6.7)5.0 (4.0, 6.2)0.922
* Physiotherapy involves the assessment and/or recommendations provided by a physical therapist (or rehabilitation therapist) on the first day following surgery.
SD – standard deviation; BMI – body mass index; CCI – Charlson’s comorbidity index; DVT – deep vein thrombosis; MMSE – mini-mental state examination; TTS – time to surgery; FNF – femoral neck fracture; ITF – intertrochanteric fracture; STF – subtrochanteric fracture; Hb – hemoglobin; Crea – creatinine; NT-proBNP – N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; FT3 – free triiodothyronine; FT4 – free thyroxine; ASA – American Society of Anesthesiologists; LOS – length of stay; IQR – inter-quartiles range.

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Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750
Medical Science Monitor eISSN: 1643-3750