18 August 2024 : Review article
Optimizing Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine: Influence of Diabetes, Obesity, Autoimmune, and Inflammatory Conditions on Therapeutic Efficacy: A Review
Dominika Przywara1ABCDEF, Alicja Petniak
1BCDEF, Paulina Gil-Kulik 1ABCDEFG*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.945331
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e945331
Introduction
Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
Methods of Harvesting MSCs
Banking of MSCs
Paracrine Signaling via Cytokines, Growth Factors, and Small Molecules
MSCs and Diabetes
MSCs and Obesity
MSCs and Autoimmune Diseases
MSCs and Inflammatory Diseases
Other Factors and Medical Conditions
Paracrine Properties of MSCs Depending on Their Source
Future Directions – Regenerative Medicine
Conclusions
References
Table 1 Comparison of the effects of different types of diabetes on the properties of MSCs.
| Disease | Effects on MSCs | Predicted effect |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetic kidney disease | Stronger secretion of IDO and PGE2Weaker IL6 secretion []30 | Enhancing anti-inflammatory properties |
| Reduced ability to migrate []30 | Increased risk of cells not reaching the site of injury | |
| Increased proliferation []30 | Increased effectiveness of therapy due to the possibility of using a larger number of cells | |
| Gestational diabetes | Decreased proliferation []37 | Reduced effectiveness of therapy due to the possibility of using fewer cells |
| Increased p16 and p27 transcripts []37 | Faster cell aging | |
| Type 2 diabetes | Higher levels of pro-apoptotic markers []32 | Shorter cell survival time |
| Increased frequency of differentiation into adipocytes []34 | Limited differentiation capacity | |
| Higher expression []32 | Stimulation of the growth and development of adjacent tissues | |
| Increase in the number of M2 macrophages with a decrease in the number of M1 macrophages []36 | Increased anti-inflammatory properties | |
| Type 1 diabetes | Lower expression [,]31 | Weakening of pro-angiogenic properties, lower effectiveness of regeneration of adjacent tissues |
| Lower expression of and []35 | Faster aging of MSCs, lower efficiency of regeneration of adjacent tissues | |
| Lowering KLF2 []33 | Weakening of pro-angiogenic properties |