18 August 2024 : Review article
Optimizing Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine: Influence of Diabetes, Obesity, Autoimmune, and Inflammatory Conditions on Therapeutic Efficacy: A Review
Dominika Przywara1ABCDEF, Alicja Petniak
1BCDEF, Paulina Gil-Kulik 1ABCDEFG*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.945331
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e945331
Introduction
Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
Methods of Harvesting MSCs
Banking of MSCs
Paracrine Signaling via Cytokines, Growth Factors, and Small Molecules
MSCs and Diabetes
MSCs and Obesity
MSCs and Autoimmune Diseases
MSCs and Inflammatory Diseases
Other Factors and Medical Conditions
Paracrine Properties of MSCs Depending on Their Source
Future Directions – Regenerative Medicine
Conclusions
References
Table 5 Comparison of the impact of diabetes, obesity, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammation on the properties of MSCs.
| Parameter | Type I diabetes | Type II diabetes | Obesity | Multiple sclerosis | Systemic sclerosis | Rheumatoid arthritis | Inflammation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell morphology | No effect was demonstrated []31 | No effect was demonstrated | No effect was demonstrated | Appearance of aging cells []50 | No effect was demonstrated []54 | No effect was demonstrated []60 | larger, more irregularly shaped cells, no effect was demonstrated in umbilical cord MSCs []67 |
| Expression of surface antigens CD73, CD90 i CD105 | No effect was demonstrated []32 | ↓ []32 | No effect was demonstrated | ↓ CD73, CD105 []50 | No effect was demonstrated []54 | No effect was demonstrated []60 | No effect was demonstrated |
| The ability to differentiate | No effect was demonstrated | Greater potential to differentiate into adipose tissue []34 | No effect was demonstrated | No effect was demonstrated | There was no difference in the ability to transform into bone and fat cells, however, it was demonstrated ↓ CD146 – multipotency marker []54 | No effect was demonstrated []60 | No effect was demonstrated |
| Anti-inflammatory effect | Impact ambiguous [,]31 | []↑ | ↓ [,]28 | ↓ []50 | Impact ambiguous [,]58 | No effect was demonstrated []60 | The results are inconclusive, although most indicate a pro-inflammatory effect [–]64 |
| Angiogenic effect | ↓ [,]31 | ↓ []34 | ↓ [,]40 | ↓ []50 | Impact ambiguous [,,]54 | No effect was demonstrated []60 | []↑ |
| Proliferation | No effect was demonstrated []35 | ↓ []32 | ↓ [,]38 | ↓ []51 | ↓ []58 | ↓ []60 | Impact ambiguous []67 |
| ↑ – increase; ↓ – decrease. | |||||||