24 October 2024 : Review article
Strategies for Managing Pediatric Fracture Pain: Assessment, Pharmacological, and Non-Pharmacological Interventions
Mengsha Hu1E, Yongwei Shang2AF*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.945497
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e945497
Table 1 The Comfort Behavior Scale is a tool for assessing pain and sedation in infants. It is designed to assess the intensity of pain for children aged from 0 to 3 years. Scores of 6 to 17 indicate no or mild pain, scores of 18 to 27 indicate moderate pain, and scores of 28 to 30 indicate severe pain.
| Categories | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alertness | Deeply asleep | Lightly asleep | Drowsy | Awake and alert | Awake and hyperalert |
| Calmness-agitation | Calm | Slightly anxious | Anxious | Very anxious | Panicky |
| Crying | Quiet breathing, no crying sounds | Occasional sobbing or moaning | Whining | Crying | Screaming or shrieking |
| Physical movement | No movement | Occasional (3 or fewer) slight movements | Frequent (more than 3) slight movements | Vigorous movements limited to extremities | Vigorous movements including torso and head |
| Muscle tone | Muscles totally relaxed, no muscle tone | Reduced muscle tone, less resistance than normal | Normal muscle tone | Increased muscle tone and flexion of fingers and toes | Extreme muscle rigidity and flexion of fingers and toes |
| Facial tension | Facial muscles totally relaxed | Facial muscles totally relaxed | Tension evident in some facial muscles (not sustained) | Tension evident throughout facial muscles (sustained) | Facial muscles contorted and grimacing |