01 March 2025 : Clinical Research
Time-Sensitive Antibiotic Adjustments in Gram-Negative Bacteremia: A Survival Perspective
Yunwei Zheng ABCDEF 1, Chuwen Zhao ABCDEF 1,2, Bo Liao EF 3, Fuxing Li ABC 1, Yaping Hang ACD 1, Junqi Zhu BCE 1,2, Youling Fang CDF 1,2, Yanhua Liu BDEF 1, Longhua Hu ADEG 1*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.945569
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e945569
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the research population before and after propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis.
| Characteristics | Total | Before PSM | After PSM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=610) | AEAT (n=431) | IEAT (n=179) | P | AEAT (n=109) | IEAT (n=109) | P | |
| Age median (IQR) | 62 (52.0, 71.0) | 62 (53.0, 71.0) | 62 (52.0, 71.0) | 0.558 | 65 (53.0, 74.0) | 62 (51.0, 71.0) | 0.231 |
| Admitted 90 days ago (n, %) | 160 (26.23) | 119 (27.61) | 41 (22.91) | 0.229 | 24 (17.39) | 28 (18.26) | 0.525 |
| Admission to ICU (n, %) | 137 (22.46) | 82 (19.03) | 55 (30.73) | 0.002 | 18 (16.15) | 18 (16.15) | >0.999 |
| Intrusive operations (n, %) | 431 (70.66) | 293 (67.98) | 138 (77.09) | 0.024 | 74 (67.89) | 80 (73.39) | 0.372 |
| Female | 291 (47.70) | 219 (50.81) | 72 (40.22) | 0.017 | 52 (47.71%) | 49 (44.95%) | 0.684 |
| Male | 319 (52.30) | 212 (49.19) | 107 (59.78) | 57 (52.29%) | 60 (55.05%) | ||
| Hospital | 354 (58.03) | 226 (52.44) | 128 (71.51) | <0.001 | 70 (64.22%) | 69 (63.30%) | 0.888 |
| Community | 256 (41.97) | 205 (47.56) | 51 (28.49) | 39 (35.78%) | 40 (36.70%) | ||
| 202 (33.11) | 133 (30.86) | 69 (38.55) | 0.066 | 29 (26.61%) | 26 (23.85%) | 0.640 | |
| 408 (66.89) | 298 (69.14) | 110 (61.45) | 80 (73.39%) | 83 (76.15%) | |||
| ESBL | 281 (46.07) | 181 (42.00) | 100 (55.87) | 0.002 | 74 (67.89%) | 74 (67.89%) | >0.999 |
| CR | 54 (8.85) | 5 (1.16) | 49 (27.37) | <0.001 | 5 (4.59%) | 5 (4.59%) | >0.999 |
| Urinary tract infections | 96 (15.74) | 75 (17.40) | 21 (11.73) | 0.080 | 15 (13.76%) | 10 (9.17%) | 0.288 |
| Lung infections | 225 (36.89) | 139 (32.25) | 86 (48.04) | <0.001 | 45 (41.28%) | 38 (34.86%) | 0.329 |
| Immune compromise | 118 (19.34) | 87 (20.19) | 31 (17.32) | 0.414 | 14 (12.84%) | 17 (15.60%) | 0.561 |
| Brain diseases | 90 (14.75) | 61 (14.15) | 29 (16.20) | 0.516 | 12 (11.01%) | 12 (11.01%) | >0.999 |
| Diabetes | 113 (18.52) | 85 (19.72) | 28 (15.64) | 0.238 | 22 (20.18%) | 17 (15.60%) | 0.377 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 223 (36.56) | 155 (35.96) | 68 (37.99) | 0.636 | 40 (36.70%) | 35 (32.11%) | 0.476 |
| Pitt score | 1 (0.0, 3.0) | 1 (0.0. 2.0) | 1 (0.0, 4.0) | 0.032 | 1 (0.0, 3.0) | 1 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.481 |
| Sofa score | 4 (2.0, 6.0) | 4 (2.0, 5.0) | 4 (2.0, 8.0) | 0.024 | 3 (2.0, 5.0) | 3 (2.0, 5.0) | 0.702 |
| aCCI score | 4 (2.0, 5.0) | 4 (2.0, 5.0) | 4 (2.0, 5.0) | 0.757 | 4 (2.0, 6.0) | 4 (2.0, 5.0) | 0.237 |
| ITD | 0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0 (0.0, 0.0) | 6 (3.0. 11.0) | <0.001 | 0 (0.0, 0.0) | 5 (3.0, 9.0) | <0.001 |
| ATD | 8 (4.0, 12.0) | 9 (6.0,14.0) | 4 (0.0, 8.0) | <0.001 | 8 (4.0, 14.0) | 5 (1.0, 8.0) | <0.001 |
| 30-day mortality (n, %) | 78 (12.79) | 25 (5.80) | 53 (29.61) | <0.001 | 9 (8.26%) | 19 (17.43%) | 0.043 |
| ESBL – extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing strains; CR – carbapenem-resistant strains; Sofa – Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; aCCI – age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index; ITD – inappropriate treatment days; ATD – appropriate treatment days. | |||||||