13 September 2024 : Clinical Research
Intrathecal Morphine Enhances Postoperative Analgesia and Recovery in Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: A Retrospective Study of 272 Patients
Min Ju Kim1ABCDEF, Min Suk Chae
1BCDF, Sang Hyun Hong1BCDF, Ji Youl Lee2BCDF, Jung-Woo Shim 1ABCDEF*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.945595
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e945595
Table 1 Comparison of preoperative and intraoperative findings between the ITM and control groups.
| Group | ITM group (n=135) | Control group (n=137) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 55 (44–62) | 56 (46–64) | 0.322 |
| Male sex | 83 (61.5%) | 97 (70.8%) | 0.104 |
| Body mass index (kg/m) | 24.0 (22.2–26.6) | 24.7 (22.6–27.3) | 0.141 |
| ASA–PS | 0.159 | ||
| I | 45 (33.3%) | 35 (25.5%) | |
| II | 90 (66.7%) | 102 (74.5%) | |
| Hypertension | 51 (37.8%) | 54 (39.4%) | 0.781 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 27 (20.0%) | 30 (21.9%) | 0.701 |
| Hepatitis | 4 (3.0%) | 8 (5.8%) | 0.248 |
| Tuberculosis | 7 (5.2%) | 5 (3.6%) | 0.538 |
| History of abdominal surgery | 47 (34.8%) | 40 (29.2%) | 0.321 |
| White blood cell count (×10/L) | 6.2 (5.2–7.2) | 6.3 (5.3–7.8) | 0.281 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.1 (12.9–15.3) | 14.0 (12.7–15.3) | 0.563 |
| Platelet count (×10/L) | 250 (217–293) | 240 (202–289) | 0.081 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 103 (95–119) | 104 (96–123) | 0.433 |
| Urea Nitrogen (mg/dL) | 13.8 (11.6–17.1) | 13.6 (11.1–17.1) | 0.653 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.869 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.7 (4.5–4.8) | 4.5 (4.3–4.7) | 0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 19 (16–24) | 20 (17–25) | 0.259 |
| ALT (U/L) | 19 (14–26) | 20 (14–27) | 0.620 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 140 (139–141) | 140 (139–142) | 0.094 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.4 (4.1–4.6) | 4.3 (4.0–4.6) | 0.127 |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 104 (102–105) | 104 (102–106) | 0.130 |
| INR | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.404 |
| aPTT (sec) | 26.3 (24.8–27.5) | 26.4 (25.1–27.6) | 0.572 |
| Case length (min) | 145 (125–170) | 150 (120–175) | 0.325 |
| Transperitoneal approach | 103 (76.3%) | 98 (71.5%) | 0.371 |
| Remifentanil dose (μg/kg/h) | 2.9 (2.2–3.5) | 3.7 (2.7–4.7) | <0.001 |
| Fluid infusion rate (mL/kg/h) | 3.8 (2.7–5.4) | 3.7 (2.6–5.3) | 0.589 |
| Urine output rate (mL/kg/h) | 0.7 (0.5–1.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.626 |
| Estimated blood loss rate (mL/kg/h) | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.6 (0.4–1.2) | 0.670 |
| Intraoperative hypotension requiring ephedrine | 28 (20.7%) | 36 (26.3%) | 0.282 |
| ITM – intrathecal morphine; ASA-PS – American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; ALT – alanine aminotransferase; INR – international normalized ratio; aPTT – activated partial thromboplastin time. Values are expressed as medians (interquartile ranges) and numbers (proportions). | |||