13 September 2024 : Clinical Research
Intrathecal Morphine Enhances Postoperative Analgesia and Recovery in Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: A Retrospective Study of 272 Patients
Min Ju Kim1ABCDEF, Min Suk Chae
1BCDF, Sang Hyun Hong1BCDF, Ji Youl Lee2BCDF, Jung-Woo Shim 1ABCDEF*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.945595
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e945595
Table 2 Comparison of postoperative analgesic findings between the ITM and control groups.
| Group | ITM group (n=135) | Control group (n=137) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate-to-severe pain* | 49 (36.3%) | 84 (61.3%) | <0.001 |
| At 0 h after surgery | 4 (1–5) | 5 (4–6) | <0.001 |
| At 3 h after surgery | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–7) | 0.001 |
| At 6 h after surgery | 4 (2–5) | 5 (3–6) | <0.001 |
| At 12 h after surgery | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–5) | <0.001 |
| At 24 h after surgery | 3 (2–5) | 4 (3–5) | <0.001 |
| At 3 h after surgery | 8.5 (5.3–11.5) | 12.6 (9.2–17.8) | <0.001 |
| At 12 h after surgery | 19.3 (13.4–27.1) | 36.0 (25.4–48.6) | <0.001 |
| At 24 h after surgery | 26.8 (18.8–40.4) | 49.3 (34.8–66.1) | <0.001 |
| ITM – intrathecal morphine; NRS – numeric rating scale; MED – morphine equivalent dose. Values are expressed as medians (interquartile ranges) and numbers (proportions). * Moderate-to-severe pain was defined by the time-weighted average NRS pain score over postoperative 24 h ≥4. | |||