27 September 2024 : Clinical Research
Prognostic Value of Transthoracic Impedance Cardiography, Amino-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels, The Six-Minute Walk Test, and Chest X-Ray in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Comparative Study in Lithuania
Andrius Ališauskas
1ABCDEF*, Kornelija Dzikevičiūtė2CDEF, Urtė Rimšaitė2CDEF, Albinas Naudžiūnas 1ADEF, Haroldas Razvadauskas1DEF, Diana Zinkienė1DEF, Tomas Repečka1DEF, Jonas Jucevičius 1DEF, Saulius Sadauskas 1ACDEF
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.945647
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e945647
Table 6 Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis to identify patients at risk of CV death.
| Variable (univariate analysis) | HR (95% CI) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|
| Comorbidities | ||
| Ischemic heart disease | 0.237 (0.100–0.560) | |
| Arterial hypertension | 0.516 (0.197–1.352) | 0.178 |
| Diabetes | 0.488 (0.148–1.614) | 0.240 |
| Kidney failure | 0.768 (0.350–1.686) | 0.510 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 2.251 (0.306–16.570) | 0.426 |
| NYHA class | ||
| NYHA II (vs NYHA III and IV) | 0.33 (0.001–1.277) | 0.067 |
| NYHA III (vs NYHA II and IV) | 0.442 (0.212–0.918) | |
| NYHA IV (vs NYHA II and III) | 21.235 (8.050–56.018) | |
| RR ≥18.00 (breaths/minute) | 7.658 (3.623–16.184) | |
| TFC ≥41.100 (1/kΩ) | 12.666 (3.823–41.968) | |
| TFCI ≥20.050 (1/kΩ/m) | 6.010 (2.652–13.620) | |
| SV ≤75.50 (mL) | 75.703 (3.745–1530.482) | |
| SI (mL/m) | 0.935 (0.894–0.978) | |
| CO (L/min) | 0.714 (0.531–0.958) | |
| STR ≥0.375 | 2.271 (1.581–3.263) | |
| PEP ≥102.5 (ms) | 1.552 (1.092–2.211) | |
| LVET (ms) | 0.991 (0.983–0.998) | |
| 6MWD ≤203.50 (m) | 8.832 (4.134–18.872) | |
| LVEF ≤28.50 (%) | 8.791 (3.729–20.728) | |
| LAD (mm) | 1.090 (1.050–1.132) | |
| LVEDDI ≥24.50 (mm/m) | 7.315 (2.780–19.251) | |
| LVMI ≥118.185 (g/m) | 6.436 (3.045–13.606) | |
| NT-proBNP ≥332.00 (pmol/L) | 12.459 (5.673–27.360) | |
| GFR ≤47.050 (mL/min/1.73 m) | 6.019 (2.440–14.847) | |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 0.465 (0.230–0.939) | |
| Dilatation of the right pulmonary artery on chest X-ray** | 3.011 (1.418–6.394) | |
| Right atrial and/or right ventricular dilatation on chest X-ray | 5.639 (2.687–11.832) | |
| ** | * | |
| TFC ≥41.1 (1/kΩ) | 32.354 (2.758–379.488) | |
| NT-proBNP ≥332.0 (pmol/L) | 4.739 (1.656–13.559) | |
| 6MWD ≤203.5 (m) | 3.975 (1.002–15.770) | |
| Dilatation of the right pulmonary artery on chest X-ray*** | 5.555 (1.714–18.005) | |
| * Statistically significant results are in bold; ** adjusted for age, gender, comorbidities, NYHA class, GFR, LVEF, and body mass index; *** interlobar artery at the hilum on the right side >15 mm in women and >16 mm in men. CV – cardiovascular; HR – hazard ratio; CI – confidence interval; – level of significance; NYHA – New York Heart Association; RR – respiratory rate; TFC – thoracic fluid content; TFCI – TFC index; SV – stroke volume; SI – stroke index; CO – cardiac output; STR – systolic time ratio; PEP – pre-ejection period; LVET – left ventricular ejection time; 6MWD – six-minute walk distance; LVEF – left ventricular ejection fraction; LAD – left atrial dimension in the parasternal long axis view; LVEDDI – left ventricular end-diastolic dimension index; LVMI – left ventricular mass index; NT-proBNP – amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; GFR – glomerular filtration rate. | ||