30 September 2024 : Clinical Research
Comparative Impact of Core Stabilization vs Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercises on Muscle Activation, Endurance, and Balance in Obese Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Selma Uzuner Kızılkaya1ABDEFG*, Emine Handan Tüzün1ADEFDOI: 10.12659/MSM.945669
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e945669
Table 2 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants.
| SociodemographicCharacteristics | CSE group (n=25) x±SS | PNF group (n=23) | Control group (n=24) | P value |
| Age (years) | 11.48±0.96 | 11.52±0.85 x±SS | 11.71±1.04 x±SS | 0.701* |
| Height (m) | 1.56±0.08 | 1.54±0.08 | 1.58±0.08 | 0.435** |
| Weight (kg) | 63.20±8.54 | 64.91±9.37 | 68.96±11.24 | 0.116** |
| BMI (kg/m) | 25.74±1.62 | 27.15±2.50 | 27.67±3.65 | 0.080* |
| Sex n (%) | ||||
| Famale | 12 (48) | 11 (47.8) | 13 (54.2) | 0.882 |
| Male | 13 (52) | 12 (52.2) | 11 (45.8) | |
| Dominant LE n (%) | ||||
| Right | 23 (35.4) | 20 (30.8) | 22 (33.8) | 0.815 |
| Left | 2 (28.6) | 3 (42.9) | 2 (28.6) | |
| Family Welfare Level n (%) | ||||
| Low | 9 (36) | 8 (34.8) | 7 (29.2) | 0.987 |
| Middle | 10 (40) | 9 (39.1) | 10 (41.2) | |
| High | 6 (24) | 6 (26.1) | 7 (29.2) | |
| LE length (cm) | ||||
| Right | 80.80±8.83 | 81.19±7.77 | 81.78±6.93 | p=0.929** |
| Left | 80.96±8.79 | 81.19±7.55 | 81.98±6.89 | p=0.864** |
| CSE – core stabilization exercise; PNF – proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation; C – control; BMI – body mass index; LE – lower extremity; m – meter; p – one-way analysis of variance; p* – Kruskal-Wallis test; p – Pearson Chi-square test; p – Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square. | ||||