30 September 2024 : Clinical Research
Comparative Impact of Core Stabilization vs Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercises on Muscle Activation, Endurance, and Balance in Obese Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Selma Uzuner Kızılkaya1ABDEFG*, Emine Handan Tüzün1ADEFDOI: 10.12659/MSM.945669
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e945669
Table 3 Core muscle activation levels of individuals.
| Evaluation times | Cor muscle activation level | CSE group (n=25)n (%) | PNF group (n=23)n (%) | Control group (n=24)n (%) | P value | Groups | BT | AT | F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level 1 | 20 (80) | 20 (87) | 18 (75) | 0.613* | CSE-PNF | 0.703* | 0.103** | ||
| Level 2 | 5 (20) | 3 (13) | 6 (25) | ||||||
| Level 3 | – | – | – | CSE-C | 0.675** | ||||
| Level 4 | – | – | – | ||||||
| Level 5 | – | – | – | PNF-C | 0.461* | 0.154** | |||
| Level 1 | 10 (40) | 9 (39.1) | 19 (79.2) | ||||||
| Level 2 | 15 (60) | 13 (56.5) | 5 (20.8) | ||||||
| Level 3 | – | 1 (4.3) | – | ||||||
| Level 4 | – | – | – | ||||||
| Level 5 | – | – | – | ||||||
| Level 1 | 9 (36) | 15 (65.2) | 20 (83.3) | ||||||
| Level 2 | 15 (60) | 8 (34.8) | 4 (16,7) | ||||||
| Level 3 | 1 (4) | – | – | ||||||
| Level 4 | – | – | – | ||||||
| Level 5 | – | – | – | ||||||
| CSE – core stabilization exercise; PNF – proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation; C – control; BT – before treatment; AT – after treatment; F – follow-up; p* – Fisher’s Exact Test; p** – Pearson Chi-Square Test. | |||||||||