30 September 2024 : Clinical Research
Comparative Impact of Core Stabilization vs Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercises on Muscle Activation, Endurance, and Balance in Obese Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Selma Uzuner Kızılkaya1ABDEFG*, Emine Handan Tüzün1ADEFDOI: 10.12659/MSM.945669
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e945669
Table 6 Intra-group and inter-group comparisons for lumbar spine position sense. and static and dynamic balance tests.
| Variables | Evaluation times | CSE group x±SS% 95 CI(LL-UL) | PNF group x±SS% 95 CI(LL-UL) | Control group x±SS% 95 CI(LL-UL) | pα | Groups | P# | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BT | AT | F | |||||||
| BT | 2.64±1.03 (2.22–3.07) | 2.34±1.05 (1.88–2.79) | 1.45±0.89 (1.07–1.83) | CSE-PNF | – | ||||
| AT | 0.57±0.40 (0.41–0.73) | 1.22±0.38 (1.06–1.38) | 1.96±0.39 (1.79–2.12) | CSE-C | – | ||||
| F | 1.04±0.5 (0.86–1.22) | 1.52±0.43 (1.34–1.71) | 1.97±0.44 (1.78–2.17) | PNF-C | – | ||||
| BT | 63.02±33.23 (49.30–76.74) | 52.36±29.61 (39.55–65.16) | 47.32±35.57 (32.29–62.34) | 0.104** | CSE-PNF | – | 0.515 | 0.824 | |
| AT | 76.73±34.14 (62.64–90.82) | 62.35±30.86 (49.00–75.69) | 44.78±32.78 (30.93–58.62) | CSE-C | – | ||||
| F | 67.18±31.65 (54.11–80.24) | 56.16±28.06 (44.03–68.29) | 45.16±31.49 (31.86–58.46) | PNF-C | – | 0.071 | 0.242 | ||
| P | 0.061 | ||||||||
| BT | 6.89±5.48 (4.64–9.16) | 8.51±8.81 (4.70–12.32) | 7.25±6.51 (4.50–9.99) | 0.951** | CSE-PNF | – | >0.99 | 0.971 | |
| AT | 10.99±5.80 (8.59–13.38) | 12.19±8.99 (8.29–16.07) | 6.19±4.83 (4.16–8.23) | CSE-C | – | 0.387 | |||
| F | 8.20±5.75 (5.83–10.58) | 10.46±7.61 (7.17–13.75) | 6.25±4.52 (4.34–8.16) | PNF-C | – | ||||
| p | 0.130 | ||||||||
| BT | 72.90±10.05 (68.76–77.05) | 67.35±12.67 (61.87–72.83) | 76.31±13.43 (70.64–81.98) | 0.063** | |||||
| AT | 78.07±10.31 (73.82–82.33) | 70.23±12.51 (64.83–75.64) | 75.55±13.53 (69.84–81.27) | 0.094** | |||||
| F | 74.73±9.19 (70.93–78.52) | 68.46±12.86 (62.89–74.02) | 75.63±13.26 (70.03–81.23) | 0.153** | |||||
| p | |||||||||
| BT | 71.47±10.01 (67.33–75.59) | 66.79±13.14 (69.97–81.18) | 75.58±13.27 (69.97–81.18) | 0.070** | |||||
| AT | 77.52±10.26 (73.28–81.75) | 69.56±12.97 (69.95–75.17) | 75.03±13.72 (69.24–80.82) | 0.110** | |||||
| F | 74.17±9.86 (70.10–78.24) | 68.11±13.29 (62.37–73.86) | 75.00±13.37 (69.35–80.65) | 0.199** | |||||
| p | 0.153 | ||||||||
| CSE – core stabilization exercise; PNF – proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation; C – control; BT – before treatment; AT – after treatment; F – follow-up; sec – second; CI – confidence interval; LL-UL – lower limit-upper limit; p* – one-way analysis of variance; p** – Kruskal-Wallis H test; p*** – ANCOVA; p – Post Hoc DUNN test; p – Friedman S test. | |||||||||