11 February 2025 : Clinical Research
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Thyroid Nodules in 456 Patients with Thyroid Nodules
Hongbo Ge1ACE, Ying Qian1BCE, Binyi Li1ABDG*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.945732
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e945732
Table 5 Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis of the factors influencing Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) scores.
| Variables | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Knowledge score | 0.887 (0.839 0.937) | <0.001 | 0.950 (0.892 1.012) | 0.113 |
| Attitude score | 0.856 (0.817 0.896) | <0.001 | 0.882 (0.839 0.929) | <0.001 |
| Practice score | 0.949 (0.915 0.985) | 0.006 | 0.958 (0.919 0.998) | 0.040 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.225 (0.824 1.820) | 0.314 | ||
| Female | ref | |||
| Age, years | 1.024 (1.011 1.039) | <0.001 | 1.017 (0.999 1.036) | 0.068 |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | 1.255 (0.655 2.401) | 0.494 | ||
| Urban | 0.695 (0.373 1.279) | 0.239 | ||
| Suburban | ref | |||
| Educational level | ||||
| Junior high school and below | 1.800 (1.147 2.829) | 0.011 | ||
| High school/technical secondary school | 2.672 (1.680 4.255) | <0.001 | ||
| Junior college | 1.777 (1.068 2.954) | 0.027 | ||
| Bachelor’s degree or above | ref | ref | ||
| Occupation | ||||
| Institution leaders and professionals | 0.572 (0.362 0.905) | 0.017 | ||
| General employees | 1.597 (0.975 2.612) | 0.063 | ||
| Service personnel and production workers | 1.388 (0.8572 2.248) | 0.182 | ||
| Other | ref | |||
| Average monthly household income | ||||
| <5000 | 2.489 (1.471 4.212) | 0.001 | ||
| 2000–5000 | 1.600 (0.901 2.843) | 0.109 | ||
| >10 000 | ref | |||
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 0.637 (0.331 1.225) | 0.177 | ||
| Single | 0.580 (0.233 1.445) | 0.242 | ||
| Other | ref | |||
| Type of health insurance | ||||
| 1 type of insurance | 1.009 (0.495 2.056) | 0.981 | ||
| 2 types of insurance | 1.420 (0.657 3.071) | 0.372 | ||
| No insurance | ref | |||
| TI-RADS classification of your thyroid nodules | ||||
| TI-RADS 2 | 0.593 (0.324 1.085) | 0.090 | ||
| TI-RADS 3 | 0.821 (0.516 1.307) | 0.405 | ||
| TI-RADS 4 and above | ref | |||
| Knowledge score | 0.849 (0.804 0.895) | <0.001 | 0.921 (0.867 0.979) | 0.008 |
| Attitude score | 0.826 (0.790 0.864) | <0.001 | 0.846 (0.805 0.890) | <0.001 |
| Practice score | 0.946 (0.913 0.980) | 0.002 | 0.955 (0.919 0.994) | 0.023 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.166 (0.799 1.704) | 0.426 | ||
| Female | ref | |||
| Age, years | 1.039 (1.025 1.052) | <0.001 | 1.036 (1.017 1.053) | <0.001 |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | 1.095 (0.587 2.042) | 0.774 | 0.750 (0.392 1.433) | 0.383 |
| Urban | 0.429 (0.237 0.778) | 0.005 | 0.970 (0.498 1.895) | 0.931 |
| Suburban | ref | ref | ||
| Educational level | ||||
| Junior high school and below | 2.540 (1.639 3.935) | <0.001 | 0.537 (0.277 1.042) | 0.066 |
| High school/technical secondary school | 2.983 (1.910 4.660) | <0.001 | 0.560 (0.299 1.050) | 0.071 |
| Junior college | 1.581 (0.969 2.575) | 0.066 | 0.746 (0.428 1.301) | 0.301 |
| Bachelor’s degree or above | ref | ref | ||
| Occupation | ||||
| Institution leaders and professionals | 0.500 (0.321 0.777) | 0.002 | 0.783 (0.448 1.368) | 0.389 |
| General employees | 1.608 (1.005 2.570) | 0.048 | 1.902 (1.168 3.099) | 0.010 |
| Service personnel and production workers | 1.813 (1.141 2.883) | 0.012 | 1.576 (0.953 2.604) | 0.076 |
| Other | ref | ref | ||
| Average monthly household income | ||||
| <5000 | 3.747 (2.232 6.297) | <0.001 | 1.972 (1.089 3.572) | 0.025 |
| 2000–5000 | 2.373 (1.353 4.162) | 0.003 | 3.127 (1.718 5.692) | <0.001 |
| >10 000 | ref | ref | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 0.420 (0.223 0.790) | 0.007 | 0.582 (0.300 1.130) | 0.110 |
| Single | 0.418 (0.174 1.006) | 0.051 | 1.052 (0.399 2.776) | 0.918 |
| Other | ref | ref | ||
| Type of health insurance | ||||
| 1 type of insurance | 0.757 (0.382 1.502) | 0.426 | ||
| 2 types of insurance | 1.184 (0.565 2.482 | 0.655 | ||
| No insurance | ref | |||
| TI-RADS classification of your thyroid nodules | ||||
| TI-RADS 2 | 0.488 (0.273 0.875) | 0.016 | 0.664 (0.355 1.241) | 0.199 |
| TI-RADS 3 | 0.654 (0.418 1.022) | 0.062 | 0.748 (0.465 1.204) | 0.233 |
| TI-RADS 4 and above | ref | ref | ||
| Knowledge score | 0.839 (0.778 0.905) | <0.001 | 0.905 (0.828 0.989) | 0.028 |
| Attitude score | 0.810 (0.746 0.879) | <0.001 | 0.809 (0.733 0.892) | <0.001 |
| Practice score | 0.927 (0.877 0.979) | 0.006 | 0.929 (0.872 0.988) | 0.020 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1.232 (0.691 2.195) | 0.478 | ||
| Female | ref | |||
| Age, years | 1.044 (1.022 1.067) | <0.001 | 1.041 (1.012 1.069) | 0.004 |
| Residence | ||||
| Rural | 1.652 (0.636 4.293) | 0.302 | ||
| Urban | 0.710 (0.274 1.840) | 0.481 | ||
| Suburban | ref | |||
| Educational level | ||||
| Junior high school and below | 1.839 (0.842 4.019) | 0.127 | 0.271 (0.088 0.833) | 0.023 |
| High school/technical secondary school | 3.987 (1.943 8.183) | <0.001 | 0.621 (0.217 1.775) | 0.374 |
| Junior college | 1.448 (0.585 3.579) | 0.424 | 0.502 (0.172 1.467) | 0.208 |
| Bachelor’s degree or above | ref | ref | ||
| Occupation | ||||
| Institution leaders and professionals | 0.402 (0.169 0.954) | 0.039 | 0.589 (0.207 1.677) | 0.322 |
| General employees | 1.361 (0.672 2.754) | 0.392 | 1.130 (0.526 2.425) | 0.754 |
| Service personnel and production workers | 1.657 (0.845 3.251) | 0.142 | 1.366 (0.647 2.886) | 0.413 |
| Other | ref | ref | ||
| Average monthly household income | ||||
| <5000 | 2.399 (0.921 6.246) | 0.073 | ||
| 2000–5000 | 1.281 (0.440 3.736) | 0.650 | ||
| >10 000 | ref | |||
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 0.387 (0.178 0.843) | 0.017 | 0.425 (0.184 0.983) | 0.046 |
| Single | 0.269 (0.067 1.076) | 0.063 | 0.465 (0.101 2.145) | 0.326 |
| Other | ref | ref | ||
| Type of health insurance | ||||
| 1 type of insurance | 0.799 (0.263 2.423) | 0.691 | ||
| 2 types of insurance | 2.042 (0.651 6.404) | 0.221 | ||
| No insurance | ref | |||
| TI-RADS classification of your thyroid nodules | ||||
| TI-RADS 2 | 0.588 (0.249 1.388) | 0.226 | ||
| TI-RADS 3 | 0.543 (0.290 1.017) | 0.057 | ||
| TI-RADS 4 and above | ref | |||
| OR – odds ratio; CNY – Chinese yuan; TI-RADS – Thyroid Imaging Reporting & Data System; DASS-21 – Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. | ||||