14 November 2024 : Clinical Research
Risk Factors for Bone Cement Displacement After Percutaneous Kyphoplasty in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: A Retrospective Analysis
Yonghao Wu
1ABCEF, Shuaiqi Zhu 1ABCF, Yuqiao Li1ABDF, Chenfei Zhang 1AEF, Weiwei Xia1ACFG, Zhenqi Zhu1DF, Kaifeng Wang1ADEG*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.945884
Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e945884
Table 1 Univariate analysis of BCD after percutaneous kyphoplasty for OVFs.
| Variables | Non-displacement group (n=169) | Displacement group (n=12) | χ2/t value/ z value | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.000 | 1.000# | ||
| Male [n (%)] | 39 (23.1) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| Female [n (%)] | 130 (76.9) | 9 (75.0) | ||
| Age (years) | 74.00 (66.00~80.50) | 77.00 (65.50~81.75) | −0.16 | 0.873* |
| BMI (kg/m) | 24.10±3.48 | 26.35±3.55 | −2.078 | 0.039& |
| Underlying diseases | ||||
| Hypertension [n (%)] | 77 (45.6) | 6 (50.0) | 0.089 | 0.766# |
| Diabetes [n (%)] | 35 (20.7) | 1 (8.3) | 0.440 | 0.507# |
| Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases [n (%)] | 41 (24.3) | 5 (41.7) | 1.791 | 0.181# |
| History of fracture at other sites | 1.343 | 0.247# | ||
| Yes [n (%)] | 29 (17.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| No [n (%)] | 140 (82.8) | 12 (100.0) | ||
| Fractured vertebral segment | 0.283 | 0.595# | ||
| Thoracolumbar segment [n (%)] | 137 (81.1) | 11 (91.7) | ||
| Nonthoracolumbar segment [n (%)] | 32 (18.9) | 1 (8.3) | ||
| Preoperative IVC | 4.177 | 0.041# | ||
| Yes [n (%)] | 114 (67.5) | 12 (100.0) | ||
| No [n (%)] | 55 (32.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Injected bone cement volume (ml) | 2.50 (2.50~3.00) | 2.75 (2.50~3.00) | −1.083 | 0.279* |
| Preoperative vertebral height (cm) | 1.55±0.42 | 1.65±0.30 | 0.431 | 0.431& |
| Collapse rate of the vertebral body (%) | 23.98 (14.69~36.94) | 27.85 (20.08~34.94) | −0.56 | 0.578* |
| Preoperative vertebral anterior margin height (cm) | 1.80±0.47 | 1.97±0.52 | −1.255 | 0.211& |
| Postoperative vertebral anterior margin height (cm) | 1.98±0.47 | 2.35±0.54 | −2.621 | 0.010& |
| Recovery rate of vertebral anterior margin height (%) | 4.90 (0.96~13.97) | 15.12 (7.39~21.97) | −2.64 | 0.008* |
| Preoperative Cobb angle (°) | 13.30 (8.80~18.70) | 14.45 (6.88~21.65) | −0.15 | 0.880* |
| Postoperative Cobb angle (°) | 12.00 (7.20~17.85) | 5.65 (2.45~16.33) | −1.70 | 0.089* |
| Restoration rate of the Cobb angle (%) | 4.35 (1.82~14.14) | 32.50 (11.11~74.70) | −3.14 | 0.002* |
| Volume of cement (ml) | 2.76±1.01 | 2.96±0.66 | −1.08 | 0.199& |
| Sagittal position of cement filling | 10.333 | 0.006# | ||
| 1/3 of vertebral body [n (%)] | 12 (7.1) | 1 (8.3) | ||
| 2/3 of vertebral body [n (%)] | 52 (30.8) | 9 (75.0) | ||
| Whole vertebral body [n (%)] | 105 (62.1) | 2 (16.7) | ||
| Contact between bone cement and endplate | 20.872 | <0.001# | ||
| Non-cement-endplate-contact [n (%)] | 8 (4.7) | 4 (33.3) | ||
| Contact with the upper vertebral endplates [n (%)] | 33 (19.5) | 5 (41.7) | ||
| Contact with the lower vertebral endplates [n (%)] | 46 (27.2) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| Contact with the upper and lower vertebral endplates [n (%)] | 82 (48.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Distance between bone cement and vertebral endplates (cm) | 0.14 (0.00~0.43) | 0.43 (0.30~0.64) | −3.15 | 0.002* |
| Bone cement distribution score | 7.00 (5.00~8.00) | 5.50 (4.00~6.00) | −3.09 | 0.002* |
| Bone cement leakage | 22.056 | <0.001# | ||
| Non-leakage [n (%)] | 121 (71.6) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| Anterior leakage [n (%)] | 16 (9.5) | 6 (50.0) | ||
| Posterior leakage [n (%)] | 7 (4.1) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| Lateral leakage [n (%)] | 10 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Disc leakage [n (%)] | 15 (8.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Postoperative anti-osteoporosis treatment | 1.252 | 0.263# | ||
| Yes [n (%)] | 152 (89.9) | 9 (75.0) | ||
| No [n (%)] | 17 (10.1) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| # value was obtained by chi-square test; & value was obtained by independent samples test; * value was obtained by Mann-Whitney U test. | ||||