15 January 2025 : Clinical Research
Ankle-Brachial Index as a Predictor of Acute Ischemic Cerebrovascular Event After Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Dong-bo Liu ABCDEF 1, Bing-xian Zhang ABCDEF 1, Yao Zhou BCD 1, Jian-hua Zhao ABCDEF 1, Jie-wen Zhang ACDEFG 1*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.945937
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e945937
Table 3 Baseline clinicodemographic characteristics of study participants, stratified by whether they had low or normal ankle-brachial index at baseline.
| Characteristic | All patients (N=335) | Low index (n=110) | Normal index (n=225) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age ≥65 years | 188 (56.1) | 67 (60.9) | 121 (53.8) | 0.217 |
| Women | 143 (42.7) | 52 (47.3) | 91 (40.4) | 0.235 |
| Risk factors for stroke | ||||
| Hypertension | 214 (63.9) | 80 (72.7) | 134 (59.6) | 0.018 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 124 (37.0) | 47 (42.7) | 77 (34.2) | 0.130 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 210 (62.7) | 76 (69.1) | 134 (59.6) | 0.090 |
| Current smoking | 105 (31.3) | 40 (36.4) | 65 (28.9) | 0.166 |
| Cardiovascular comorbidities | ||||
| Coronary heart disease | 57 (17.0) | 22 (20.0) | 35 (15.5) | 0.309 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 35 (10.4) | 14 (12.7) | 21 (9.3) | 0.340 |
| Previous stroke | 56 (16.7) | 25 (22.7) | 31 (13.8) | 0.039 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 49 (14.6) | 23 (20.9) | 26 (11.6) | 0.023 |
| Cervical or intracranial stenosis ≥50% | 139 (41.5) | 54 (49.1) | 85 (37.8) | 0.048 |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| Total cholesterol >5.17 mmol/L | 55 (16.4) | 23 (20.9) | 32 (14.2) | 0.121 |
| LDL cholesterol >3.12 mmol/L | 121 (36.1) | 49 (44.5) | 72 (32.0) | 0.025 |
| HDL cholesterol <1.04 mmol/L | 49 (14.6) | 20 (18.2) | 29 (12.9) | 0.198 |
| Triglycerides >1.7 mmol/L | 82 (24.5) | 31 (28.2) | 51 (22.7) | 0.270 |
| Fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L | 83 (24.8) | 31 (28.2) | 52 (23.1) | 0.313 |
| Uric acid >428 mmol/L | 55 (16.4) | 20 (18.2) | 35 (15.6) | 0.542 |
| Cause of central retinal artery occlusion | ||||
| Embolism | 146 (43.6) | 52 (47.3) | 94 (41.8) | 0.341 |
| Thrombosis | 13 (3.9) | 5 (4.5) | 8 (3.6) | 0.660* |
| Unknown | 176 (52.5) | 56 (50.9) | 120 (53.3) | 0.676 |
| Treatment after central retinal artery occlusion | ||||
| Lipid-lowering therapy | 308 (91.9) | 100 (90.9) | 208 (92.4) | 0.628 |
| Anticoagulant or antiplatelet | 308 (91.9) | 99 (90.0) | 209 (92.9) | 0.362 |
| AICE | 89 (26.6) | 40 (36.4) | 49 (21.8) | 0.005 |
| Values are n (%), unless otherwise noted. * Fisher’s exact test. HDL – high-density lipoprotein; LDL – low-density lipoprotein; AICE – acute ischemic cerebrovascular event. | ||||