Impact of Osteopathic Techniques on Autonomic Regulation: A Study of Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Adults

07 February 2025 : Clinical Research

Jakub Stępnik^{ABCDEFG 1,2*}, Agnieszka Kędra

^{DE 3}, Dariusz Czaprowski

^{AE 4,5}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.946903

Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e946903

Introduction Material and Methods Results Discussion Conclusions References

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Table 4 Results of the normality analysis of variable distributions.

	N	M	Me	SD	Min	Max	W	p
HR 1	100	75.84	76.52	11.06	48.33	100.96	1.00	0.969
HR 2	100	75.00	75.57	10.24	53.87	103.89	0.98	0.268
HR 3	100	75.58	74.32	10.96	51.10	108.64	0.99	0.438
HRV1	100	0.10	0.10	0.05	0.02	0.22	0.98	0.051
HRV2	100	0.11	0.10	0.05	0.02	0.27	0.96	0.006
HRV3	100	0.10	0.09	0.05	0.01	0.23	0.96	0.008
VLF% 1	100	20.68	17.07	14.25	1.17	59.04	0.92	<.001
VLF% 2	100	19.69	16.49	12.87	1.87	60.57	0.91	<.001
VLF% 3	100	20.47	18.9	12.51	2.81	53.17	0.95	<.001
LF% 1	100	45.98	42.21	18.42	11.50	92.44	0.97	0.02
LF% 2	100	47.92	41.59	20.51	12.97	92.86	0.94	<.001
LF% 3	100	45.48	38.56	18.45	14.10	90.10	0.93	<.001
HF% 1	100	33.51	31.67	16.79	5.54	80.80	0.97	0.016
HF% 2	100	32.58	32.02	18.50	2.81	81.77	0.97	0.014
HF% 3	100	34.28	32.09	17.33	6.99	79.78	0.95	0.002
HRV LF/HF 1	100	2.31	1.38	2.47	0.15	16.63	0.72	<.001
HRV LF/HF 2	100	3.51	1.49	5.53	0.15	33.74	0.57	<.001
HRV LF/HF 3	100	2.20	1.42	2.33	0.23	13.91	0.71	<.001
Age	100	44.52	45.00	9.20	30.00	63.00	0.95	0.001
N – number of subjects; M – mean value; Me – median; SD – standard deviation; Min – minimum value; Max – maximum value; W – Shapiro-Wilk test result; p – level of significance.

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