07 February 2025 : Clinical Research
Impact of Osteopathic Techniques on Autonomic Regulation: A Study of Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Adults
Jakub Stępnik ABCDEFG 1,2*, Agnieszka Kędra
DE 3, Dariusz Czaprowski AE 4,5
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.946903
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e946903
Table 9 Results of the analysis of variance for the LF/HF parameter.
| Factor RM 1 | Group | M | SE | 95% confidence interval | ANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower limit | Upper limit | |||||
| LF/HF I | CV4 | 2.27 | 0.42 | 1.43 | 3.11 | F1=(2,194)=5.66;p=0.004; eta2=0.029 |
| CV4+RR | 2.75 B | 0.43 | 1.89 | 3.60 | ||
| Placebo | 1.91 | 0.43 | 1.05 | 2.76 | ||
| LF/HF II | CV4 | 1.77 a | 0.88 | 0.03 | 3.51 | F2=(4,194)=5.39;p<0.001; eta2=0.054 |
| CV4+RR | 6.69 B,C,a,b | 0.89 | 4.93 | 8.45 | ||
| Placebo | 2.12 b | 0.89 | 0.35 | 3.88 | ||
| LF/HF III | CV4 | 1.47 a | 0.38 | 0.72 | 2.22 | F3=(2,97)=10.4;p<0.001; eta2=0.094 |
| CV4+RR | 3.34 C,a | 0.38 | 2.57 | 4.10 | ||
| Placebo | 1.81 | 0.38 | 1.05 | 2.58 | ||
| M – mean; SE – standard error; F1 – main effect of the LF/HF parameter; F2 – interaction effect between changes in LF/HF measurements and group; F3 – main effect of group; p – level of significance; eta2 – effect size; a,b,c – significant differences between groups in a given measurement; B,C – significant differences between measurements within a group. | ||||||