Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Lead to Gastrointestinal Benefits in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Study

27 May 2025 : Database Analysis

Jung-Hui Hsu^{AEF 1}, Hsueh-Fen Bai^{ADF 2}, Mon-Ting Chen^{CD 3}, Yu-Wei Fang^{AD 3,4,5}, Jing-Tong Wang^{CE 3,4}, Chieh-Yu Liu

^{DF 3}, Ming-Hsein Tsai^{ADEF 3,4,5*}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.946935

Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e946935

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Table 3 Different models after propensity score matching for various confounders.

Clinical outcomes	After PSM matching, GLP1-RA vs DPP4i
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
Acute pancreatitis	0.96 (0.91–1.00)	0.054	0.94 (0.90–0.99)	0.013	0.99 (0.95–0.37)	0.865
Biliary tract disease	0.95 (0.92–0.98)	0.004	0.93 (0.90–0.97)	<0.001	0.97 (0.93–1.00)	0.056
Liver failure	0.57 (0.53–0.62)	<0.001	0.57 (0.53–0.62)	<0.002	0.59 (0.55–0.65)	<0.001
Peritonitis	0.71 (0.64–0.79)	<0.001	0.77 (0.69–0.86)	<0.001	0.80 (0.71–0.89)	<0.001
Peptic ulcer	0.60 (0.57–0.64)	<0.001	0.61 (0.58–0.64)	<0.001	0.64 (0.60–0.67)	<0.001
Gastrointestinal bleeding	0.95 (0.92–0.97)	<0.001	0.93 (0.91–0.96)	<0.001	0.93 (0.91–0.96)	<0.001
PSM models progressively adjusted for demographics and lifestyle (Model 1), baseline comorbidities and surgical history (Model 2), and medication use (Model 3). PSM – propensity score matching; GLP1-RA – glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist; DDP4i – dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor; HR – hazard ratio; CI – confidence interval.

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