28 January 2025 : Clinical Research
Effects of Remote Exercise on Physical Function in Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Kyeongjin Lee ABCDEFG 1*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947105
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e947105
Table 2 Changes of outcome measures.
| REG (n=30) | IPEG (n=30) | CG (n=30) | F | P | Post hoc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | ||||
| TUG (second) | 14.90 (1.43) | 12.00 (1.52)* | 15.29 (2.31) | 12.35 (1.73)* | 15.45 (1.94) | 14.46 (1.40)* | 6.822 | 0.002# | A, B | C |
| BBS (point) | 40.99 (2.90) | 47.34 (2.17)* | 42.00 (2.94) | 46.83 (2.13)* | 42.35 (2.76) | 42.79 (2.16) | 22.818 | 0.000# | A, B | C |
| ABC (%) | 54.17 (9.60) | 74.92 (6.35)* | 53.56 (10.58) | 76.63 (8.12)* | 57.79 (9.31) | 58.39 (7.70) | 39.632 | 0.000# | A, B | C |
| FTSTS (second) | 15.00 (1.66) | 10.59 (1.53)* | 14.20 (2.05) | 11.65 (1.26)* | 14.47 (1.80) | 13.69 (1.44) | 16.758 | 0.000# | A | B | C |
| 30SCS (repetition) | 9.93 (2.13) | 13.12 (2.01)* | 10.36 (2.16) | 12.79 (1.23)* | 10.43 (1.74) | 10.80 (1.72) | 9.994 | 0.000# | A, B | C |
| DGI (point) | 17.50 (2.75) | 21.68 (2.20)* | 18.40 (3.20) | 22.28 (2.09)* | 17.85 (2.25) | 19.37 (1.92)* | 5.301 | 0.007# | A, B | C |
| 10MWT (second) | 0.93 (0.18) | 1.10 (0.21)* | 0.95 (0.19) | 1.09 (0.21)* | 0.96 (0.22) | 0.90 (0.22) | 7.062 | 0.001# | A, B | C |
| MFES (point) | 35.73 (5.29) | 25.75 (4.40)* | 36.45 (4.42) | 25.85 (4.23)* | 35.33 (4.71) | 33.56 (5.67) | 14.847 | 0.000# | A, B | C |
| REG – remote exercise group; IPEG – in-person exercise group; CG – control group; TUG – timed up and go test; BBS – Berg balance scale; ABC – activities-specific balance confidence scale; FTSTS – five times sit-to-stand test; 30SCS – 30-second chair stand test; DGI – dynamic gait index; 10MWT – 10-meter walk test; MFES – the modified falls efficacy scale. Values are expressed as mean (standard deviation). * # | |||||||||