03 June 2025 : Database Analysis
Benefits of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors with Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers in Type-2 Diabetes: A Cohort Analysis
Ming-Hsien Tsai ADE 1, Mingchih Chen
CD 2, Yen-Chun Huang C 3, Wei-Shan Chang C 4, Kai-Yuan Hsiao C 4, Hung-Hsiang Liou A 5, Yu-Wei Fang AEF 6*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947153
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e947153
Table 1 Code for diseases and drugs.
| Code for diseases | ||
|---|---|---|
| ICD-9-CM | ICD-10-CM | |
| Hypertension | 401–405 | I10–14 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 410–414 | I20–I25 |
| Arrhythmia | 426–427, V45.0, V53.3 | I44–I49, Z45.0, Z95.0, Z95.9, Z95.810, Z98.818 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 427.31 | I48 |
| Stroke | 430–438 | I60–I63, I65–I69, G45–G46 |
| COPD | 490–492, 496 | J40–J44, J47 |
| Asthma | 493 | J45 |
| Peptic ulcer | 531–534 | K25–28, K31.82, K56.60 |
| Dyslipidemia | 272.0–272.4 | E78 |
| Gout | 274.0, 274.1X, 274.8X, 274.9 | M10 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 571.5 | K74, K74.1, K74.2, K74.60, K74.69 |
| Myocardial infarct | 410 | I21–22 |
| Congestive heart failure | 428.0, 428.1, 428.9 | I50 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 430–438 | I60–I63, I65–I69, G45–G46 |
| Connective tissue disease | 710, 714, 725 | M05, M06, M32, M33.20, M33.29, M34, M35.3 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 250.7, 440.2–3, 440.8–9, 443, 444.22, 444.8, 447.8–9 | E08.51–52, E08.59, E09.51–52, E09.59, E10.51–52, E10.59, E11.51–52, E11.59, E13.51–52, E13.59, I70.2–I70.9, I73, I74.2–I74.9, I75.011–I75.029, I75.89, I77.3, I77.89, I77.9, I79.1, I79.8 |
| Dementia | 290 | F03.90, F05, F01.50, F01.51 |
| COPD | 490–492, 496 | J40–J44, J47 |
| Ulcer disease | 531.XX, 532.XX, 533.XX, 534.XX | K25.X, K26.X, K27.X, K28.X, K31.82, K56.60 |
| Mild liver disease | 571.2, 571.4X, 571.5, 571.6 | K70.2, K70.3X, K73.X, K74.X, K74.60, K74.69, K75.4 |
| Hemiplegia | 342 | G81 |
| Moderate-to-severe renal disease | 582.0, 582.1, 582.2, 582.4, 582.81, 582.89, 582.9, 583.0, 583.1, 583.2, 583.4, 583.6, 583.7, 583.9, 588.1, 588.8, 588.9, 583.81, 583.89, 585, 586, 588 | E10.21, E11.21, N03.0, N03.1, N03.2, N03.3, N03.4, N03.5 N03.6, N03.7, N03.8, N03.9, N05.0, N05.1, N05.2, N05.3, N05.4, N05.5, N05.6, N05.7, N05.8, N05.9, N06.0, N06.1, N06.2, N06.3, N06.4, N06.5, N06.6, N06.7, N06.8, N06.9, N07.0, N07.1, N07.2, N07.3, N07.4, N07.5, N07.6, N07.7, N07.8, N07.9, N08, N14.0, N14.1, N14.2, N14.3, N14.4, N15.0, N15.8, N15.9, N16, N17.1, N17.2, N18.4, N18.5, N18.6, N18.9, N19, N25.0, N25.1, N25.81, N25.89, N25.9 |
| Diabetes-with-end-organ-damage | 250.4, 250.5, 250.6 | E08.311, E08.319, E08.321, E08.329, E08.331, E08.339, E08.341, E08.349, E08.351, E08.359, E08.36, E08.39, E09.311, E09.319, E09.321, E09.329, E09.331, E09.339, E09.341, E09.349, E09.351, E09.359, E09.36, E09.39, E10.21, E10.22, E10.29, E10.311, E10.319, E10.36, E10.39, E10.40, E10.41, E10.44, E10.49, E10.610, E10.65, E11.21, E11.22, E11.29, E11.311, E11.319, E11.321, E11.329, E11.331, E11.339, E11.341, E11.349, E11.351, E11.359, E11.36, E11.39, E11.40, E11.41, E11.42, E11.43, E11.44, E11.49, E11.65, E13.21, E13.22, E13.29, E13.311, E13.319, E13.321, E13.329, E13.331, E13.339, E13.341, E13.349, E13.351, E13.359, E13.36, E13.39, E13.42, E13.43, E13.44, E13.49 |
| Malignancy | 140–149, 150–159, 160–165, 170, 174, 175, 176, 179, 180–189, 190–195, 200–201, 203–208 | C00–C96, D45, D47.Z9, E31.22, Z51.12 |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 456.0, 456.1, 456.20, 572.X, 456.21, I85.XX, | K72.10, K72.11, K72.90, K72.91, K766, K767, K768.1 |
| Metastatic solid tumors | 196.X, 197.X, 198.X, 198.8X, 199.X | C45.9, C77.X, C78, C79, C7A.00, C7A.094, C7A.095, C7A.096, C7A.1, C7A.8, C7B, C80.0, C80.1, D3A.8, J91.0, R18.0, Z51.12 |
| AIDS | 0.42, 0.43, 0.44 | B20 |
| Acute kidney injury | 584 | N17 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 585, 586 | N181–N189, N19 |
| Advanced kidney failure (CKD stage 5) | CKD patients started to get twice erythropoietin therapy | |
| Initiation of long-term dialysis | Defined by the procedure code in NHIRD | |
| Drug type | ATC classification system codes | |
| SGLT2i | A10BK01, A10BK02, A10BK03, A10BK04 | |
| DDP4i | A10BH01, A10BH02, A10BH03, A10BH04, A10BH05 | |
| Beta blocking agents | C07A, C07B, C07CA03, C07DA06 | |
| Calcium channel blockers | C08C, C08D, C08E, C09BB, C09DB,C09DX,C10BX | |
| α-blockers | C02CA, C07AG,G04CA | |
| Diuretic | C03AA, C03BA, C03CA, C03CC, C03DA, C03DB, C03EA, C09DX | |
| Antithrombotic | B01AA, B01AC, B01AE, B01AF | |
| Insulin | A10AB, A10AC,A10AD,A10AE | |
| Oral hypoglycemic agent (this contains only sulfonylureas, acarbose thiazolidinedione) | A10BB, A10BD09, A10BF01, A10BG | |
| Lipid-lowering agents | C10AA, C10AB, C10AC, C10AD, C10AX, C10BA, C10BX03 | |
| Uric acid lowering agent | M04AA, M04AB, M04AC | |
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | M01AB, M01AE, M01AG, M01AX, M01AC, M01AH, M01AX01, M01AX17 | |
| Sedative-hypnotics | N03AE, N05BA, N05CD, N05CF | |
| Erythropoietin | B03XA01, B03XA02, B03XA03 | |
| COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CCI – Charlson comorbidity index; AIDS – acquired immune deficiency syndrome; CKD – chronic kidney disease; NHIRD – National Health Insurance Research Database; ATC – anatomical therapeutic chemical. | ||