12 August 2025 : Clinical Research
Electrocardiographic Indicators of Left Atrial Remodeling in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Sebastian Sawonik
ABCDEFG 1, Andrzej P. Wysokiński ADG 2, Tomasz Zapolski ABCDEFG 2*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947360
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e947360
Table 1 Clinical data and echocardiographic and electrocardiographic indices in study group and control group.
| Category | Value | With stroke n=256 | Control group (without stroke) N=70 | Test | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | 36–97 | 76.19 (±9.64) | 68.43 (±7.38) | MWU: 2286.50; z=4.69 | ||
| Heart failure [n (%)] | 58 (22.66) | 18 (25.71) | χ=0.04 | p>0.05 | ||
| Hypertension [n (%)] | 222 (86.72) | 46 (65.71) | χ=8.69 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 62 (24.22) | 8 (11.43) | χ=2.19 | p>0.05 | ||
| Ischemic heart disease [n (%)] | 79 (30.86) | 30 (42.86) | χ=1.15 | p>0.05 | ||
| Echocardiographic parameters | LAA [cm] | 16–49 | 28.33 (±7.50) | 21.26 (±2.79) | MWU: 97.00; z=4.08 | |
| RAA [cm] | 12–26 | 20 (±4.78) | 18.83 (±2.47) | MWU: 114.50; z=0.78 | p>0.05 | |
| LAD [cm] | 2.70–6.10 | 4.22 (±0.63) | 4.12 (±0.42) | MWU: 1966.50; z=0.84 | p>0.05 | |
| EF [%] | 28–75 | 54.85 (±9.14) | 58.17 (±6.40) | MWU: 1569.50; z=−2.27 | ||
| PWD in the lead I [ms] | 54.48 (±41.81) | 95.83 (±16.50) | MWU: 4374.50; z=−0.22 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead I <110ms [n (%)] | 220 (85.94) | 62 (88.57) | χ=0.02 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead II [ms] | 68.36 (±38.17) | 79.20 (26.60) | MWU: 1742.00; z=−5.86 | |||
| PWD in the lead III [ms] | 58.44 (±36.08) | 84.09 (±21.46) | MWU: 2768.50; z=−3.66 | |||
| PWD in the lead aVF [ms] | 63.44 (±36.41) | 69.71 (±28.09) | MWU: 4218.50; z=0.56 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead aVL [ms] | 47.16 (±36.13) | 63.86 (±23.64) | MWU: 3776.00; z=−1.51 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead aVR [ms] | 67.19 (±39.58) | 69.23 (±25.85) | MWU: 4021.00; z=0.98 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 82.82 (±25.62) | 72.69 (±26.49) | MWU: 3284.50; z=2.56 | |||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 49.11 (±33.70) | 57.06 (±21.35) | MWU: 4127.00; z=−0.75 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 54.34 (±33.10) | 61.46 (±17.60) | MWU: 4371.00; z=−0.22 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 56.45 (±33.45) | 68.09 (±24.74) | MWU: 4046.00; z=−0.93 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 57.41 (±34.78) | 68.37 (±25.23) | MWU: 4214.50; z=−0.57 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 57.09 (±36.77) | 68.20 (±23.60) | MWU: 4167.00; z=−0.67 | p>0.05 | ||
| P [ms] | 101.08 (±21.03) | 106.35 (±17.48) | MWU: 2305.50; z=−4.66 | |||
| P [ms] | 20.48 (±23.00) | 44.09 (±15.46) | MWU: 3778.00; z=−1.50 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWDI [ms] | 80.60 (±23.05) | 62.49 (±14.92) | MWU: 2488; z=4.27 | |||
| PWDNV [ms] | 50.70 (±26.82) | 48.51 (±18.33) | MWU: 3676.50; z=1.72 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWNVA [mcV] | 79.58 (±39.91) | 85.67 (±29.45) | MWU: 4103.00; z=−2.45 | |||
| PWTFV [mcV*ms] | 4320.71 (±3696.64) | 3957.14 (±1644.47) | MWU: 4286.00; z=−0.38 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWTFV <4000 mcV*ms [n (%)] | 133 (51.95) | 36 (51.43) | χ=0.06 | p>0.05 | ||
| P/PWTFV/PWDNV in normal range [n (%)] | 82 (32.03) | 16 (22.86) | χ=0.82 | p>0.05 | ||
| P/PWTFV/PWDNV/PWDI in normal range [n (%)] | 7 (2.73) | 8 (11.43) | χ=4.23 | |||
| LAA – left atrium area; LA – left atrium; LAD – left atrial dimension [M-mode in parasternal long axis view – PLAX]; LVEF – left ventricular ejection fraction; n – the total number of patients in the sample; P – the longest P wave duration; P – shortest P wave duration; PWD – P wave duration; PWDI – P wave dispersion; PWDNV – duration of the negative P phase in V1; PWDNVA – the negative phase amplitude of P in V; PWTFV – P wave terminal force in V1; RAA – right atrium area. | ||||||