12 August 2025 : Clinical Research
Electrocardiographic Indicators of Left Atrial Remodeling in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Sebastian Sawonik
ABCDEFG 1, Andrzej P. Wysokiński ADG 2, Tomasz Zapolski ABCDEFG 2*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947360
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e947360
Table 2 Clinical data and echocardiographic and electrocardiographic indices in relation to sex.
| Category | Value | Femalen=183 | Malen=73 | Test | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | 36–97 | 77.5 (±9.2) | 72.9 (±9.9) | MWU: z=3.255 | ||
| Heart failure [n (%)] | 39 (21.3) | 19 (26.0) | χ=0.421 | p=0.517 | ||
| Hypertension [n (%)] | 161 (88.0) | 61 (83.6) | χ=0.542 | p=0.462 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 45 (24.6) | 17 (23.3) | χ=0.003 | p=0.954 | ||
| Ischemic heart disease [n (%)] | 51 (27.9) | 28 (38.4) | χ=2.221 | p=0.136 | ||
| Echocardiographic parameters | LAA [cm] | 16–49 | 27.8 (±6.2) | 29.5 (±10.3) | MWU: z=0.140 | p=0.925 |
| RAA [cm] | 12–26 | 18.0 (±5.8) | 22.0 (±2.9) | MWU: z=−1.299 | p=0.243 | |
| LAD [cm] | 2.7–6.1 | 4.1 (±0.6) | 4.4 (±0.6) | MWU: z=−2.319 | ||
| EF [%] | 28–75 | 56.5 (±8.1) | 51.3 (±10.2) | MWU: z=2.513 | ||
| PWD in the lead I [ms] | 55.0 (±40.5) | 53.1 (±45.1) | MWU: z=0.308 | p=0.756 | ||
| PWD in the lead I ≥110ms [n (%)] | 174 (95.1%) | 63 (86.3) | χ=4.647 | |||
| PWD in the lead II [ms] | 70.9 (±36.0) | 62.1 (±42.7) | MWU: z=0.800 | p=0.416 | ||
| PWD in the lead III [ms] | 61.0 (±33.9) | 51.9 (±40.5) | MWU: z=1.085 | p=0.272 | ||
| PWD in the lead aVF [ms] | 64.9 (±34.4) | 59.7 (±41.1) | MWU: z=0.085 | p=0.932 | ||
| PWD in the lead aVL [ms] | 48.8 (±34.6) | 43.1 (±39.7) | MWU: z=0.927 | p=0.344 | ||
| PWD in the lead aVR [ms] | 69.4 (±37.4) | 61.7 (±44.5) | MWU: z=0.682 | p=0.492 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 82.2 (±25.1) | 84.8 (±26.9) | MWU: z=−1.077 | p=0.277 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 52.3 (±32.4) | 41.0 (±35.7) | MWU: z=2.009 | |||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 56.1 (±32.2) | 50.0 (±35.2) | MWU: z=0.299 | p=0.763 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 57.7 (±30.5) | 53.4 (±39.9) | MWU: z=0.213 | p=0.830 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 57.7 (±32.4) | 56.7 (±40.4) | MWU: z=−0.660 | p=0.504 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 58.3 (±34.9) | 54.0 (±41.1) | MWU: z=0.253 | p=0.798 | ||
| P [ms] | 100.4 (±22.4) | 102.8 (±17.2) | MWU: z=−1.146 | p=0.242 | ||
| P [ms] | 43.0 (±15.0) | 48.5 (±16.6) | MWU: z=−2.570 | |||
| PWDI [ms] | 57.4 (±23.5) | 54.3 (±21.8) | MWU: z=0.724 | p=0.467 | ||
| PWDNV [ms] | 48.3 (±26.9) | 56.7 (±25.9) | MWU: z=−2.445 | p=0.014 | ||
| PWNVA [mcV] | 80.30 (±39.5) | 80.63 (±36.9) | MWU: 7723; z=0.17976 | p=0.857 | ||
| PWTFV [mcV*ms] | 4127.8 (±3689.6) | 4801.6 (±3695.4) | MWU: z=1.962 | |||
| PWTFV <4000 mcV*ms [n (%)] | 103 (56.6) | 30 (41.1) | χ=4.413 | |||
| P/PWTFV/PWDNV in normal range [n (%)] | 72 (39.3) | 10 (13.7) | χ=9.685 | |||
| P/PWTFV/PWDNV/PWDI in normal range [n (%)] | 7 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | χ=2.431 | p=0.119 | ||
| LAA – left atrium area; LA – left atrium; LAD – left atrial dimension [M-mode in parasternal long axis view – PLAX]; LVEF – left ventricular ejection fraction, n – the total number of patients in the sample; P – the longest P wave duration; P – shortest P wave duration; PWD – P wave duration; PWDI – P wave dispersion; PWDNV – duration of the negative P phase in V; PWDNVA – the negative phase amplitude of P in V; PWTFV – P wave terminal force in V1; RAA – right atrium area. | ||||||