12 August 2025 : Clinical Research
Electrocardiographic Indicators of Left Atrial Remodeling in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Sebastian Sawonik
ABCDEFG 1, Andrzej P. Wysokiński ADG 2, Tomasz Zapolski ABCDEFG 2*
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947360
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e947360
Table 3 Clinical data and echocardiographic and electrocardiographic indices in female study group and control group.
| Category | Value | Total womenn=227 | With stroken=183 | Control group (without stroke)N=44 | Test | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | 55–97 | 76.9 (±9.15) | 77.5 (9.2) | 72.3 (±5.4) | MWU: 1260.00; z=2.86 | ||
| Heart failure [n (%)] | 46 (2.4) | 39 (21.3%) | 14 (31.8) | χ=0,72 | p>0.05 | ||
| Hypertension [n (%)] | 176 (85.9) | 161 (88.0%) | 30 (68.2) | χ=4.81 | p<0.05 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 48 (23.4) | 45 (24.6%) | 6 (13.6) | χ=0.77 | p>0.05 | ||
| Ischemic heart disease [n (%)] | 61 (29.8) | 51 (27.9%) | 20 (45.5) | χ=2.13 | p>0.05 | ||
| Echocardiogra phic parameters | LAA [cm] | 16–40 | 23.1 (±5.4) | 27.8 (6.2) | 20.5 (±2.4) | MWU: 30.00; z=3.66 | |
| RAA [cm] | 12–26 | 18.5 (±2.8) | 18.0 (5.8) | 18.5 (±2.2) | MWU: 33.00; z=−0.75 | p>0.05 | |
| LAD [cm] | 2.70–6.10 | 4.1 (±0.6) | 4.1 (0.6) | 4.0 (±0.4) | MWU: 847.50; z=0.67 | p>0.05 | |
| EF [%] | 33–75 | 56.7 (±7.8) | 56.5 (8.1) | 57.6 (±6.61) | MWU: 803.50; z=0.67 | p>0.05 | |
| PWD in the lead I [ms] | 59.5 (±40.7) | 55.0 (40.5) | 96.3 (±15.2) | MWU: 701.00; z=−4.00 | |||
| PWD in the lead I ≥110 ms [n (%)] | 180 (87.8) | 174 (95.1%) | 38 (86.4) | χ=0.02 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead II [ms] | 71.7 (±40.7) | 70.9 (36.0) | 78.7 (±27.1) | MWU: 1987.00; z=0.09 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead III [ms] | 63.6 (±33.5) | 61.0 (33.9) | 84.8 (±19.6) | MWU: 1175.00; z=−3.19 | |||
| PWD in the lead aVF [ms] | 65.7 (±33.9) | 64.9 (34.4) | 71.6 (±29.65) | MWU: 1972.00; z=0.15 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead aVL [ms] | 50.5 (±34.0) | 48.8 (34.6) | 65.0 (±24.4) | MWU: 17.66; z=0.15 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead aVR [ms] | 69.5 (±36.4) | 69.4 (37.4) | 70.4 (±27.8) | MWU: 17.71; z=0.92 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWDNV [ms] | 48.3 (±26.3) | 48.31 (±26.88) | 48.4 (±21.6) | MWU: 1758.00; z=0.97 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 80.5 (±25.8) | 82.2 (25.1) | 66.9 (±27.8) | MWU: 1250.00; z=2.90 | |||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 52.6 (±31.5) | 52.3 (32.4) | 55.3 (±23.7) | MWU: 19.85.50; z=0.10 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 56.3 (±30.8) | 56.1 (32.2) | 58.1 (±14.6) | MWU: 1893.00; z=0.46 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 58.3 (±30.8) | 57.7 (30.5) | 63.7 (±22.9) | MWU: 1985.00; z=0.10 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 58.5 (±31.6) | 57.7 (32.4) | 64.9 (±23.8) | MWU: 1964.50; z=−0.18 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWD in the lead V [ms] | 59.2 (±33.9) | 58.3 (34.9) | 66.4 (±)23.5 | MWU: 1959.00; z=−0.20 | p>0.05 | ||
| P max [ms] | 100.9 (±22.0) | 100.4 (22.4) | 105.5 (±17.9) | MWU: 1718.00; z=−1.12 | p>0.05 | ||
| P min [ms] | 23.6 (±)23.8 | 43.0 (15.0) | 47.9 (±18.0) | MWU: 809.00; z=−4.58 | |||
| PWDI [ms] | 77.3 (±24.2) | 57.4 (23.5) | 57.6 (±15.5) | MWU: 946.00; z=4.06 | |||
| PWDNV1 [ms] | 48.3 (±26.3) | 48.3 (26.9) | 48.4 (±21.6) | MWU: 1758.00; z=0.97 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWTF [mcV*ms] | 4130.7 (±3533.4) | 4127.8 (3689.6) | 4154.6 (±1829.8) | MWU: 1714.50; z=−1.10 | p>0.05 | ||
| PWTF <4000 mcV*ms [n (%)] | 123 (54.2) | 103 (56.6%) | 20 (45.5) | χ=0.62 | p>0.05 | ||
| P/PWTFV/PWDNV in normal range [n (%)] | 86 (37.81) | 72 (39.3%) | 14 (31.8) | χ=0.04 | p>0.05 | ||
| P/PWTFV/PWDNV/PWDI in normal range [n (%)] | 13 (5.7) | 7 (3.8%) | 6 (13.6) | χ=2.23 | p>0.05 | ||
| LAA – left atrium area; LA – left atrium; LAD – left atrial dimension [M-mode in parasternal long axis view – PLAX]; LVEF – left ventricular ejection fraction; n – the total number of patients in the sample; P – the longest P wave duration; P – shortest P wave duration; PWD – P wave duration; PWDI – P wave dispersion; PWDNV – duration of the negative P phase in V; PWTFV – P wave terminal force in V1; RAA – right atrium area. | |||||||