28 May 2025 : Clinical Research
Effect of Initial Glucose Tolerance Test Response on Pregnancy Outcomes in Type A1 Gestational Diabetes
Peishan Li ABCE 1, Yunyun Liu ABC 1, Sijie Pu B 1, Zhenghua Xiao AE 1*, Xue Liu AE 1DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947377
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e947377
Table 2 The S/D and RI of the umbilical artery are expressed as exceeding 95% of the normal values for individuals. The data are presented in 2 distinct formats: mean ± standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables and number of individuals (percentage) for categorical variables.
| NP (n=151) | GDM | Pa value | Pb value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDM (n=281) | IFH (n=47) | IPH (n=172) | CH (n=62) | ||||
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 4.15±0.46 | 4.8±0.75 | 5.42±0.08 | 4.37±0.03 | 5.57±0.05 | <0.001*** | <0.001*** |
| Glucose after 1 h (mmol/L) | 7.36±1.53 | 10.3±4.95 | 8.33±0.17 | 10.09±0.10 | 12.39±1.22 | <0.001*** | <0.001*** |
| Glucose after 2 h (mmol/L) | 6.12±1.11 | 8.43±1.87 | 6.56±0.14 | 8.57±0.13 | 9.43±0.20 | <0.001*** | <0.001*** |
| Serum ferritin (ng/mL) | 31.00±18.17 | 39.64±32.45 | 38.2±26.2 | 42.2±36.3 | 34.4±25.6 | <0.001*** | 0.03* |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 127.07±8.53 | 123.16±13.07 | 119.7±13.5 | 123.9±12.7 | 123.6±13.4 | <0.001*** | 0.002** |
| Uric acid (umol/L) | 323.27±68.62 | 340.71±85.90 | 390.3±80.7 | 338.1±80.4 | 309.9±75.6 | 0.02* | <0.001*** |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 42.46±8.6 | 47.56±40.04 | 60.57±9.4 | 45.1±8.7 | 43.4±8.8 | 0.02* | 0.01* |
| D-dimer fibrin (ug/mL) | 2.15±1.29 | 2.82±1.81 | 2.5±1.3 | 2.9±1.9 | 2.8±1.8 | <0.001*** | 0.4 |
| Neutrophil count (10/L) | 5.96±1.43 | 6.26±1.73 | 6.5±1.7 | 6.2±1.8 | 6.3±1.7 | 0.03* | 0.5 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 3.24±2.23 | 20.68±34.03 | 11.8±21.6 | 24.0±35.8 | 16.5±33.5 | <0.001*** | 0.06 |
| S/D | 17 (11.3) | 55 (19.5) | 5 (10.6) | 39 (22.7) | 11 (17.7) | 0.03* | 0.12 |
| RI | 4 (2.6) | 25 (8.9) | 1 (2.1) | 24 (13.9) | 0 | 0.02* | <0.001*** |
| – value between the normal pregnancy group and the GDM group; – value for comparing the 3 subgroups. * ** *** GDM – gestational diabetes mellitus; NP – normal pregnancy; IFH – isolated fasting hyperglycemia; IPH – isolated post-load hyperglycemia; S/D – ratio of systolic maximum blood flow velocity to diastolic maximum blood flow velocity; RI – umbilical artery blood flow resistance index. | |||||||