Review of Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Children with Malignancy

Małgorzata Mitur-Lesiuk; Maciej Dubaj; Mateusz Raniewicz; Karol Bigosiński; Aleksandra Dembowska-Kupień

doi:10.12659/MSM.947393

31 March 2025 : Review article

Review of Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Children with Malignancy

Małgorzata Mitur-Lesiuk

^{ABCDEFG 1*}, Maciej Dubaj

^{ACDF 2}, Mateusz Raniewicz

^{BDF 2}, Karol Bigosiński

^{BCF 2}, Aleksandra Dembowska-Kupień

^{EF 2}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947393

Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e947393

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Introduction Review of PNS in Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Rheumatological Syndromes Endocrine Syndromes Nephrotic Syndrome Hematological Syndromes Neurological Syndromes Future Directions Conclusions References

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Table 2 Characteristics of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia [50].

Pathomechanism	Neoplasms	Frequency	Laboratory diagnostics
PTHrP secretion, the so-called humoral hypercalcemia	Solid tumors, NHL (⅔), T-cell lymphoma, CML	80%	↑PTHrP↓/N PTH↑/N 1,25-OH-D
Direct bone resorption through induction of RANK, IL-6, -3, -8, TNF pathways	Multiple myeloma, ALL, CML	20%	↓PTHrP↓PTH↓1,25-OH-D
Ectopic production of 1,25-OH-D	HL, NHL (⅓)	Rare	↓PTHrP↓PTH↑1,25-OH-D
Ectopic production of PTH	Rhabdomyosarcoma, solid tumors of the ovary, lung, thyroid	Rare	↓PTHrP↑PTH↑1,25-OH-D
ALL – acute lymphoblastic leukemia; CML – chronic myeloid leukemia; HL – Hodgkin lymphoma; NHL – non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PTHrP – parathyroid hormone-related protein; PTH – parathyroid hormone; 1,25-OH-D – calcitriol; RANK – receptor activator of nuclear factor κB; TNF – tumor necrosis factor; IL – interleukin.

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Review of Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Children with Malignancy

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