22 July 2025 : Clinical Research
Hemodynamic Insights into Preeclampsia: Comparing Ophthalmic and Uterine Artery Resistive Indices
Maya Khaerunnisa Puspitasari ABCDEFG 1*, Amillia Siddiq ADEF 1, Rova Virgana
ADEF 2, Akhmad Yogi Pramatirta ABDEFG 1, Setyorini Irianti ACDEF 1, Budi Handono ADE 1, Johanes Cornelius Mose ADE 1, Jusuf Sulaeman Effendi ADE 1
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947528
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e947528
Table 1 Comparison of patient characteristics between the 2 groups based on demographic data.
| Variable | Total (n=60) | Group | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (n=30) | Preeclampsia (n=30) | |||
| Maternal age | 0.17 | |||
| ≤24 years, n (%) | 21 (35.0) | 12 (40.0) | 9 (30.0) | |
| 25–29 years, n (%) | 16 (26.7) | 10 (33.3) | 6 (20.0) | |
| 30–35 years, n (%) | 23 (38.3) | 8 (26.7) | 15 (50.0) | |
| Median (min–max) | 27 (16–35) | 26 (17–35) | 30 (16–35) | |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 0.14 | |||
| 26–28, n (%) | 16 (26.7) | 10 (33.3) | 6 (20.0) | |
| 29–32, n (%) | 25 (41.7) | 14 (46.7) | 11 (36.7) | |
| 33–36, n (%) | 19 (31.6) | 6 (20.0) | 13 (43.3) | |
| Median (min–max) | 31 (26–36) | 30 (26–35) | 32 (26–36) | |
| Parity | ||||
| Nulliparous, n (%) | 24 (40.0) | 13 (43.3) | 11 (36.7) | 0.79 |
| Multiparous, n (%) | 36 (60.0) | 17 (56.7) | 19 (63.3) | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 26 (5.1) | 26 (5.1) | 26 (5.1) | 0.48 |
| Median (min–max) | 26 (18–41) | 26 (18–39) | 26 (19–41) | |
| Socioeconomy (Income) | ||||
| 34 (56.7) | 17 (56.7) | 17 (56.7) | | |
| ≥Rp. 5,000,000, n (%) | 26 (43.3) | 13 (43.3) | 13 (43.3) | 1.00 |
| For numerical data, the value was tested using an independent test if the data were normally distributed, or the Mann-Whitney test if the data were not normally distributed. For categorical data, the value was calculated using the chi-square test, with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov or Fisher Exact test as alternatives if the assumptions for the chi-square test were not met. Statistical significance was determined at | ||||