30 April 2025 : Clinical Research
Dental Students’ Opinions on Use of Artificial Intelligence: A Survey Study
Ezgi Eroğlu Çakmakoğlu
ABCDEFG 1*, Ayşe Günay A 2
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.947658
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e947658
Table 3 An analysis of the relationship between dental students’ class and scale items and between sex and scale items.
| An analysis of the relationship between class and scale items | An analysis of the relationship between sex and scale items | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st class | 2nd class | 3rd class | 4th class | 5th class | Total | Test statistic | p | Female | Male | Total | Test statistic | p | |
| I agree | 30 (22.4)ab | 36 (37.5)bc | 72 (21.9)a | 44 (26.5)ab | 58 (50)c | 240 (28.5) | 45.936 | * | 136 (26.4) | 104 (31.9) | 240 (28.5) | 11.590 | * |
| I have no idea | 92 (68.7)a | 48 (50)bc | 227 (69)a | 112 (67.5)ac | 54 (46.6)b | 533 (63.4) | 325 (63.1) | 208 (63.8) | 533 (63.4) | ||||
| I disagree | 12 (9) | 12 (12.5) | 30 (9.1) | 10 (6) | 4 (3.5) | 68 (8.1) | 54 (10.5)a | 14 (4.3)b | 68 (8.1) | ||||
| I agree | 14 (10.5) | 6 (6.3) | 40 (12.2) | 8 (4.8) | 16 (13.8) | 84 (10) | 17.375 | * | 44 (8.5) | 40 (12.3) | 84 (10) | 24.674 | * |
| I have no idea | 80 (59.7)ab | 50 (52.1)ab | 175 (53.2)ab | 106 (63.9)b | 54 (46.6)a | 465 (55.3) | 259 (50.3)a | 206 (63.2)b | 465 (55.3) | ||||
| I disagree | 40 (29.8) | 40 (41.7) | 114 (34.7) | 52 (31.3) | 46 (39.7) | 292 (34.7) | 212 (41.2) | 80 (24.5) | 292 (34.7) | ||||
| I agree | 92 (68.7)a | 82 (85.4)b | 227 (69)a | 148 (89.2)b | 108 (93.1)b | 657 (78.1) | 54.579 | * | 407 (79) | 250 (76.7) | 657 (78.1) | 1.555 | 0.460* |
| I have no idea | 34 (25.4)a | 12 (12.5)ab | 78 (23.7)a | 12 (7.2)b | 6 (5.2)b | 142 (16.9) | 86 (16.7) | 56 (17.2) | 142 (16.9) | ||||
| I disagree | 8 (6) | 2 (2.1) | 24 (7.3) | 6 (3.6) | 2 (1.7) | 42 (5) | 22 (4.3) | 20 (6.1) | 42 (5) | ||||
| I agree | 22 (16.4) | 24 (25) | 64 (19.5) | 26 (15.7) | 24 (20.7) | 160 (19) | 34.428 | * | 100 (19.4) | 60 (18.4) | 160 (19) | 1.026 | 0.599* |
| I have no idea | 36 (26.9)ab | 10 (10.4)c | 86 (26.1)b | 24 (14.5)ac | 10 (8.6)c | 166 (19.7) | 96 (18.6) | 70 (21.5) | 166 (19.7) | ||||
| I disagree | 76 (56.7) | 62 (64.6) | 179 (54.4) | 116 (69.9) | 82 (70.7) | 515 (61.2) | 319 (61.9) | 196 (60.1) | 515 (61.2) | ||||
| I agree | 38 (28.4)a | 14 (14.6)ab | 42 (12.8)b | 38 (22.9)a | 20 (17.2)ab | 152 (18.1) | 52.850 | * | 74 (14.4)a | 78 (23.9)b | 152 (18.1) | 12.570 | * |
| I have no idea | 34 (25.4)ab | 12 (12.5)bc | 102 (31)a | 34 (20.5)abc | 10 (8.6)c | 192 (22.8) | 120 (23.3) | 72 (22.1) | 192 (22.8) | ||||
| I disagree | 62 (46.3)a | 70 (72.9)bc | 185 (56.2)a | 94 (56.6)ac | 86 (74.1)b | 497 (59.1) | 321 (62.3)a | 176 (54)b | 497 (59.1) | ||||
| I agree | 90 (67.2)ab | 66 (68.8)ab | 191 (58.1)b | 134 (80.7)a | 90 (77.6)a | 571 (67.9) | 43.070 | * | 359 (69.7) | 212 (65) | 571 (67.9) | 3.842 | 0.147* |
| I have no idea | 40 (29.8)a | 22 (22.9)ab | 104 (31.6)a | 22 (13.3)b | 14 (12.1)b | 202 (24) | 112 (21.8) | 90 (27.6) | 202 (24) | ||||
| I disagree | 4 (3) | 8 (8.3) | 34 (10.3) | 10 (6) | 12 (10.3) | 68 (8.1) | 44 (8.5) | 24 (7.4) | 68 (8.1) | ||||
| I agree | 102 (76.1)ab | 74 (77.1)ab | 221 (67.2)b | 136 (81.9)a | 102 (87.9)a | 635 (75.5) | 37.031 | * | 397 (77.1) | 238 (73) | 635 (75.5) | 2.398 | 0.301* |
| I have no idea | 26 (19.4)ab | 12 (12.5)abc | 80 (24.3)b | 22 (13.3)ac | 4 (3.5)c | 144 (17.1) | 80 (15.5) | 64 (19.6) | 144 (17.1) | ||||
| I disagree | 6 (4.5) | 10 (10.4) | 28 (8.5) | 8 (4.8) | 10 (8.6) | 62 (7.4) | 38 (7.4) | 24 (7.4) | 62 (7.4) | ||||
| I agree | 92 (68.7) | 76 (79.2) | 221 (67.2) | 128 (77.1) | 92 (79.3) | 609 (72.4) | 28.572 | * | 381 (74) | 228 (69.9) | 609 (72.4) | 1.634 | 0.442* |
| I have no idea | 30 (22.4)a | 6 (6.3)b | 84 (25.5)a | 30 (18.1)ab | 16 (13.8)ab | 166 (19.7) | 96 (18.6) | 70 (21.5) | 166 (19.7) | ||||
| I disagree | 12 (9) | 14 (14.6) | 24 (7.3) | 8 (4.8) | 8 (6.9) | 66 (7.9) | 38 (7.4) | 28 (8.6) | 66 (7.9) | ||||
| I agree | 70 (52.2)a | 64 (66.7)abc | 203 (61.7)ac | 120 (72.3)bc | 96 (82.8)b | 553 (65.8) | 49.230 | * | 345 (67) | 208 (63.8) | 553 (65.8) | 0.902 | 0.637* |
| I have no idea | 48 (35.8)a | 14 (14.6)bc | 88 (26.8)ac | 34 (20.5)c | 6 (5.2)b | 190 (22.6) | 112 (21.8) | 78 (23.9) | 190 (22.6) | ||||
| I disagree | 16 (11.9)ab | 18 (18.8)b | 38 (11.6)ab | 12 (7.2)a | 14 (12.1)ab | 98 (11.7) | 58 (11.3) | 40 (12.3) | 98 (11.7) | ||||
| I agree | 62 (46.3)a | 68 (70.8)bc | 203 (61.7)c | 114 (68.7)bc | 92 (79.3)b | 539 (64.1) | 66.207 | * | 333 (64.7) | 206 (63.2) | 539 (64.1) | 0.259 | 0.879* |
| I have no idea | 48 (35.8)a | 10 (10.4)bc | 104 (31.6)da | 34 (20.5)dc | 8 (6.9)b | 204 (24.3) | 124 (24.1) | 80 (24.5) | 204 (24.3) | ||||
| I disagree | 24 (17.9)a | 18 (18.8)a | 22 (6.7)b | 18 (10.8)ab | 16 (13.8)ab | 98 (11.7) | 58 (11.3) | 40 (12.3) | 98 (11.7) | ||||
| I agree | 66 (49.3)ab | 58 (60.4)abc | 158 (48)b | 102 (61.5)ac | 86 (74.1)c | 470 (55.9) | 34.257 | * | 286 (55.5) | 184 (56.4) | 470 (55.9) | 3.569 | 0.168* |
| I have no idea | 56 (41.8)a | 30 (31.3)ab | 147 (44.7)a | 60 (36.1)ab | 26 (22.4)b | 319 (37.9) | 203 (39.4) | 116 (35.6) | 319 (37.9) | ||||
| I disagree | 12 (9) | 8 (8.3) | 24 (7.3) | 4 (2.4) | 4 (3.5) | 52 (6.2) | 26 (5.1) | 26 (8) | 52 (6.2) | ||||
| I agree | 84 (62.7)ab | 62 (64.6)abc | 199 (60.5)b | 126 (75.9)ac | 94 (81)c | 565 (67.2) | 35.345 | * | 361 (70.1) | 204 (62.6) | 565 (67.2) | 5.121 | 0.077* |
| I have no idea | 40 (29.8)a | 20 (20.8)ab | 102 (31)a | 34 (20.5)ab | 12 (10.3)b | 208 (24.7) | 116 (22.5) | 92 (28.2) | 208 (24.7) | ||||
| I disagree | 10 (7.5)ab | 14 (14.6)b | 28 (8.5)ab | 6 (3.6)a | 10 (8.6)ab | 68 (8.1) | 38 (7.4) | 30 (9.2) | 68 (8.1) | ||||
| I agree | 22 (16.4) | 20 (20.8) | 82 (24.9) | 38 (22.9) | 24 (20.7) | 186 (22.1) | 36.056 | * | 120 (23.3) | 66 (20.3) | 186 (22.1) | 1.810 | 0.405* |
| I have no idea | 58 (43.3)a | 20 (20.8)bc | 116 (35.3)ac | 46 (27.7)bc | 20 (17.2)b | 260 (30.9) | 162 (31.5) | 98 (30.1) | 260 (30.9) | ||||
| I disagree | 54 (40.3)ab | 56 (58.3)bc | 131 (39.8)a | 82 (49.4)abc | 72 (62.1)c | 395 (47) | 233 (45.2) | 162 (49.7) | 395 (47) | ||||
| I agree | 12 (9)a | 22 (22.9)b | 60 (18.2)ab | 32 (19.3)ab | 16 (13.8)ab | 142 (16.9) | 25.174 | * | 70 (13.6)a | 72 (22.1)b | 142 (16.9) | 10.480 | * |
| I have no idea | 76 (56.7)a | 30 (31.3)b | 145 (44.1)ab | 60 (36.1)b | 44 (37.9)b | 355 (42.2) | 223 (43.3) | 132 (40.5) | 355 (42.2) | ||||
| I disagree | 46 (34.3) | 44 (45.8) | 124 (37.7) | 74 (44.6) | 56 (48.3) | 344 (40.9) | 222 (43.1) | 122 (37.4) | 344 (40.9) | ||||
| I agree | 66 (49.3) | 58 (60.4) | 178 (54.1) | 92 (55.4) | 68 (58.6) | 462 (54.9) | 9.822 | 0.278* | 264 (51.3)a | 198 (60.7)b | 462 (54.9) | 7.279 | * |
| I have no idea | 50 (37.3) | 22 (22.9) | 102 (31) | 46 (27.7) | 26 (22.4) | 246 (29.3) | 162 (31.5) | 84 (25.8) | 246 (29.3) | ||||
| I disagree | 18 (13.4) | 16 (16.7) | 49 (14.9) | 28 (16.9) | 22 (19) | 133 (15.8) | 89 (17.3) | 44 (13.5) | 133 (15.8) | ||||
| I agree | 58 (43.3) | 50 (52.1) | 140 (42.6) | 68 (41) | 50 (43.1) | 366 (43.5) | 10.341 | 0.242* | 240 (46.6)a | 126 (38.7)b | 366 (43.5) | 11.842 | * |
| I have no idea | 52 (38.8) | 24 (25) | 125 (38) | 56 (33.7) | 36 (31) | 293 (34.8) | 183 (35.5) | 110 (33.7) | 293 (34.8) | ||||
| I disagree | 24 (17.9) | 22 (22.9) | 64 (19.5) | 42 (25.3) | 30 (25.9) | 182 (21.6) | 92 (17.9)a | 90 (27.6)b | 182 (21.6) | ||||
| * Pearson’s Chi-squared; n(%); a, b, c There is no difference between groups with the same letter. number (n), and percentage (%). AI: Artificial intelligence. ORCA Dental AI, Denti AI, VideaHealth, Pearl, Glidewell.io, Smilecloud, DentalXrai Pro, Dental Analytics, Dental monitoring, AssistDent: AI-based dental software. | |||||||||||||