Impact of Margin Type and Material Choice on Stress Distribution in Endocrown Restorations: A 3D Finite Element Study

19 May 2025 : Laboratory Research

Kulashekar Reddy Nandalur

^{ABCEF 1*}, Abdulkarim Hussain Alshehri

^{ABEF 1}, Hemant Ramesh Chourasia

^{ABCE 2}, Mohammed E. Sayed

^{ABEG 1}, Khurshid Ahmed Mattoo

^{CDEF 1}, Vinod Bandela

^{ACEF 3}, Huda Mohammad AlBodham

^{CDEG 4}, Ali Y. Alsaeed

^{CDEG 5}, Nisreen Nabiel Hassan

^{ACDE 6}, Firas K. Alqarawi

^{ACDE 7}, Abeer Ali Qahtani

^{CDEG 8}, Yaqoub Ahmed Ayyashi

^{BEF 9}, Muhannad Ali Masmali

^{BEF 10}, Mohamad Assad Aljabri

^{BEF 9}, Miad Ali Alasmary

^{CEF 11}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948308

Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948308

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Table 2 Composition of different restorative materials tested and their respective properties used for finite element analysis.

Material	Elastic modulus (GPA)	Poison’s ratio
Tooth enamel []⁵⁵	84.10	0.33
Dentin []⁵⁵	18.60	0.31
Cortical bone []⁵⁶	13.7	0.03
Bone alveolar (cancellous bone) []⁵⁶	1.37	0.30
Gutta percha []⁵⁷	0.69	0.45
Periodontal ligament (0.15 to 0.21mm wide) []⁵⁷	0.07	0.45
Core buildup resin []⁵⁸	7.17	0.23
Luting cement: Nx3 Kerr (120 micron thick) []^a	7.4	0.35
Restorative material 1: in-Ceram Zirconia [,]^b	210	0.26
Restorative material 2: IPS e.max CAD []^c	100.00	0.20
Restorative material 3: Grandio blocs [,]^d	18	0.26
Apple []⁵⁶	0.01	0.3
FEA – finite element analysis; GPA – giga pascals; mm – millimeter ^a Resin cement – Base [Barium aluminoborosilicate glass (30–60%), Ytterbium fluoride (10– ^b In-ceram zirconia – composition zirconium dioxide (ZrO) (91–94%), yttrium oxide (Y2O3) (4–6%), hafnium oxide (HfO2) ( ^c IPS e.max CAD - composition: SiO (57.0–80.0), Lithium oxide (LiO) (11–19%), Potassium oxide (K2O) ( ^d GrandioSO (Resin-based restoratives – Nanoceramic Hybrid CAD/CAM Material) – composition: 86% Nanohybrid Filler, 14% UDMA+ DMA (no firing or sintering required, available in low translucency for anterior (shades A1, A2, A3, A3.5, B1, C2, BL) and high translucency posteriors (A1, A2, A3, A3.5).

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