08 October 2025 : Clinical Research
Immersive Virtual Reality Therapy for Elderly Female Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation After Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Joanna Szczepańska-Gieracha
ADEFG 1, Adam Wrzeciono CEF 1, Błażej Cieślik ACE 2*, Robert Gajda DEF 3,4, Justyna Mazurek ABDEF 5
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948321
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948321
Table 4 Functional test results, including the statistical significance of differences between the experimental and control groups.
| Experimental group (n=11) | Control group (n=12) | p valuea | Effect size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | 3.27 (2.72) | 3.00 (2.49) | ||
| After | 9.82 (0.41) | 6.33 (2.35) | ||
| Change | 6.55; 199.97% (od 4.73; 8.36) | 3.33; 111.10% (2.51; 4.16) | 0.001 | 1.54 |
| p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Effect size | 2.43 | 0.32 | ||
| Before | 55.91 (19.34) | 53.33 (19.23) | ||
| After | 93.18 (7.51) | 75.42 (17.38) | ||
| Change | 37.27; 66.67% (28.47; 46.08) | 22.08; 41.41% (15.66; 28.5) | 0.01 | 1.31 |
| p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Effect size | 2.84 | 0.29 | ||
| Before | 4.27 (2.76) | 4.17 (2.66) | ||
| After | 9.91 (1.04) | 7.75 (2.22) | ||
| Change | 5.64; 131.9% (4.35; 6.92) | 3.58; 85.99% (2.8; 4.37) | 0.01 | 1.29 |
| p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Effect size | 2.95 | 0.31 | ||
| Before | 3.36 (3,17) | 2.25 (2.09) | ||
| After | 8.18 (3.46) | 4.75 (2.90) | ||
| Change | 4.82; 143.22% (2.08; 7.55) | 2.50; 111.11% (1.19; 3.81) | 0.10 | 0.73 |
| p value | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||
| Effect size | 1.18 | 0.29 | ||
| Values before and after are presented as means (standard deviation). The change is expressed as the mean difference and percent change, along with 95% confidence intervals. The effect size values are the absolute values of Cohen’s . TT – Tinetti Test; BI – Barthel Index; RMA-GF – Rivermead Motor Assessment Gross Function Subscale; SPPB – Short Physical Performance Battery. | ||||