Biomarker Discovery in Childhood Asthma: A Pilot Study of Serum Metabolite Analysis for IgE-Dependent Allergy

Natalia Rzetecka; Jan Matysiak; Szymon Plewa; Joanna Matysiak; Paulina Sobkowiak; Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak; Anna Bręborowicz; Weronika Pierz; Agnieszka Klupczyńska-Gabryszak

doi:10.12659/MSM.948478

24 June 2025 : Clinical Research

Biomarker Discovery in Childhood Asthma: A Pilot Study of Serum Metabolite Analysis for IgE-Dependent Allergy

Natalia Rzetecka

^{ABCDEF 1,2}, Jan Matysiak

^{ABDEG 1}, Szymon Plewa

^{BCDE 1}, Joanna Matysiak

^{BDE 3}, Paulina Sobkowiak

^{BE 4}, Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak

^{BE 4}, Anna Bręborowicz

^{BE 4}, Weronika Pierz^{E 5}, Agnieszka Klupczyńska-Gabryszak

^{ABCDEF 1*}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948478

Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948478

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Table 3 Metabolite concentrations determined in the serum samples (average, standard deviation [SD], median, interquartile range [IQR]). Concentration values are given in μM.

Metabolites	Abbreviations	Patients with asthma and IgE-dependent allergy				Patients without asthma and IgE-dependent allergy
Metabolites	Abbreviations	Mean	SD	Median	IQR	Mean	SD	Median	IQR
Carnitine	C0	43.73	5.62	43.00	5.20	38.11	7.51	41.35	11.13
Acetylcarnitine	C2	5.20	2.48	4.86	0.67	5.11	2.04	4.71	1.80
Propionylcarnitine	C3	0.43	0.09	0.40	0.06	0.41	0.19	0.38	0.21
Dodecenoylcarnitine	C12:1	0.13	0.04	0.12	0.02	0.14	0.02	0.13	0.03
Tetradecenoylcarnitine	C14:1	0.05	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.06	0.02	0.05	0.03
Octadecenoylcarnitine	C18:1	0.09	0.03	0.09	0.02	0.10	0.03	0.10	0.05
Octadecadienylcarnitine	C18:2	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.01	0.04	0.01	0.04	0.02
Alanine	Ala	450.15	115.46	477.00	168.00	398.70	61.06	416.00	61.25
Arginine	Arg	146.02	65.51	135.00	31.00	134.92	24.61	135.00	31.50
Asparagine	Asn	40.94	15.83	40.00	20.10	40.55	11.17	38.50	14.93
Aspartate	Asp	49.73	14.19	45.90	9.10	49.31	7.33	49.15	5.48
Citrulline	Cit	27.43	6.07	26.00	9.10	27.69	7.74	27.95	7.88
Glutamine	Gln	487.23	56.91	482.00	109.00	488.50	72.20	491.50	56.25
Glutamate	Glu	138.12	40.57	132.00	43.00	138.65	50.05	139.00	38.25
Glycine	Gly	359.00	77.73	341.00	62.00	334.10	81.61	355.50	141.75
Histidine	His	101.92	21.45	97.40	2.50	93.97	16.15	93.00	16.98
Isoleucine	Ile	97.28	49.73	73.10	30.70	84.51	22.47	77.85	30.13
Leucine	Leu	194.31	91.54	166.00	43.00	172.00	44.32	159.00	48.00
Lysine	Lys	155.08	50.33	137.00	29.00	138.70	21.83	140.50	37.50
Methionine	Met	29.99	14.87	23.30	13.40	27.49	9.85	26.05	10.15
Ornithine	Orn	73.87	28.57	73.00	27.70	73.55	14.01	77.30	18.63
Phenylalanine	Phe	115.09	22.19	110.00	31.10	108.27	21.25	111.00	17.75
Proline	Pro	256.92	82.62	241.00	80.00	226.20	50.38	225.50	36.75
Serine	Ser	178.15	47.02	167.00	47.00	177.50	26.47	175.50	28.25
Threonine	Thr	115.48	38.43	104.00	32.80	113.90	28.13	108.00	33.88
Tryptophan	Trp	82.24	17.66	79.40	8.10	75.73	17.98	80.70	21.05
Tyrosine	Tyr	89.57	23.62	80.80	36.20	95.56	47.83	87.15	29.10
Valine	Val	227.31	48.64	208.00	35.00	211.20	48.03	207.00	53.50
alpha-Aminoadipic acid	alpha-AAA	1.07	0.45	0.96	0.47	1.11	0.75	0.99	0.36
Creatinine	Creatinine	33.17	7.01	33.00	8.20	31.01	6.84	31.05	8.13
Kynurenine	Kynurenine	2.47	0.43	2.42	0.57	2.45	0.64	2.27	0.66
Serotonin	Serotonin	1.13	0.44	1.04	0.77	1.47	0.59	1.35	0.29
cis-4-Hydroxyproline	t4-OH-Pro	25.54	11.18	21.80	19.10	19.77	5.42	19.65	7.65
Taurine	Taurine	102.98	36.56	90.50	43.30	125.12	45.72	122.50	51.13
lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C16:0	LPC 16:0	108.32	29.75	101.00	51.70	99.65	31.06	101.00	30.48
lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C16:1	LPC 16:1	1.93	0.42	1.80	0.21	1.79	0.57	1.68	0.63
lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C17:0	LPC 17:0	1.82	0.63	1.53	0.67	1.81	0.88	1.69	0.82
lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C18:0	LPC 18:0	37.38	13.37	36.90	17.50	34.28	10.46	34.80	13.65
lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C18:1	LPC 18:1	19.82	5.03	19.70	7.10	19.57	3.92	20.30	4.00
lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C18:2	LPC 18:2	22.45	9.90	19.60	11.30	24.41	7.31	26.95	4.93
lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C20:3	LPC 20:3	1.83	0.59	1.79	0.91	1.60	0.27	1.68	0.41
lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C20:4	LPC 20:4	4.88	1.34	4.86	1.16	4.89	1.66	4.05	2.13
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C28:1	PC 28:1	2.20	0.38	2.15	0.41	2.69	0.69	2.77	1.12
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C30:0	PC 30:0	3.15	0.72	3.21	0.74	3.74	1.13	3.88	1.46
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C30:2	PC 30:2	0.42	0.11	0.40	0.12	0.39	0.07	0.39	0.12
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C32:0	PC 32:0	10.35	1.33	10.20	1.72	11.83	2.87	11.85	4.29
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C32:1	PC 32:1	10.52	4.98	9.11	4.64	9.26	2.57	8.41	1.96
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C32:2	PC 32:2	2.38	0.83	2.22	1.19	2.60	0.78	2.66	0.56
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C32:3	PC 32:3	0.33	0.06	0.32	0.10	0.37	0.09	0.39	0.16
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C34:1	PC 34:1	159.54	30.26	163.00	21.00	157.30	22.37	151.00	18.25
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C34:2	PC 34:2	251.77	34.41	246.00	42.00	253.10	34.72	249.50	39.75
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C34:3	PC 34:3	9.42	2.65	9.73	2.61	9.19	3.09	9.26	3.28
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C34:4	PC 34:4	1.11	0.35	1.05	0.55	1.24	0.45	1.34	0.57
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36:0	PC 36:0	1.06	0.43	0.97	0.61	1.91	1.14	1.76	1.70
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36:1	PC 36:1	47.86	9.81	48.30	10.60	48.98	7.29	48.30	4.65
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36:2	PC 36:2	179.54	31.49	180.00	53.00	182.80	25.83	179.00	7.50
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36:3	PC 36:3	90.05	14.50	90.30	21.40	83.38	14.37	79.60	16.60
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36:4	PC 36:4	118.56	15.83	123.00	15.00	117.19	28.28	120.00	42.08
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36:5	PC 36:5	11.90	4.15	11.60	5.15	16.78	11.55	13.35	6.15
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C36:6	PC 36:6	0.55	0.19	0.49	0.21	0.79	0.42	0.74	0.43
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38:0	PC 38:0	2.32	0.77	2.15	1.02	3.57	1.81	3.27	1.55
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38:1	PC 38:1	0.75	0.24	0.76	0.38	1.10	0.56	0.95	0.62
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38:3	PC 38:3	38.25	7.34	36.00	13.90	34.55	5.10	33.85	7.00
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38:4	PC 38:4	75.43	13.14	78.90	13.50	73.57	16.48	74.65	16.25
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38:5	PC 38:5	36.25	6.64	37.80	9.10	35.33	10.15	33.65	9.38
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C38:6	PC 38:6	53.56	17.89	47.00	30.00	67.22	29.03	66.80	23.83
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C40:2	PC 40:2	0.22	0.05	0.21	0.06	0.25	0.07	0.23	0.05
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C40:3	PC 40:3	0.41	0.05	0.40	0.07	0.41	0.08	0.39	0.10
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C40:4	PC 40:4	2.98	0.53	2.97	0.59	2.50	0.37	2.61	0.22
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C40:5	PC 40:5	8.29	1.71	8.42	1.42	7.06	1.51	6.69	1.64
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C40:6	PC 40:6	19.64	6.72	17.90	9.00	24.47	10.19	25.55	11.93
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C42:0	PC 42:0	0.53	0.20	0.50	0.24	0.54	0.18	0.52	0.23
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C42:1	PC 42:1	0.26	0.08	0.25	0.08	0.27	0.09	0.26	0.10
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C42:2	PC 42:2	0.18	0.04	0.19	0.06	0.21	0.05	0.20	0.04
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C42:4	PC 42:4	0.16	0.05	0.15	0.03	0.16	0.03	0.16	0.02
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C42:5	PC 42:5	0.31	0.06	0.29	0.08	0.31	0.09	0.30	0.12
Phosphatidylcholine diacyl C42:6	PC 42:6	0.40	0.08	0.38	0.07	0.40	0.12	0.40	0.17
lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C28:0	PC O-28:0	0.33	0.05	0.32	0.07	0.32	0.04	0.32	0.05
lysoPhosphatidylcholine acyl C28:1	PC O-28:1	0.35	0.07	0.34	0.11	0.39	0.08	0.39	0.14
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C30:0	PC O-30:0	0.29	0.07	0.29	0.08	0.36	0.13	0.34	0.19
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C30:1	PC O-30:1	0.25	0.08	0.28	0.09	0.30	0.08	0.29	0.08
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C32:1	PC O-32:1	2.18	0.47	2.27	0.49	2.70	1.00	2.62	0.67
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C32:2	PC O-32:2	0.46	0.10	0.46	0.14	0.58	0.19	0.56	0.20
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C34:0	PC O-34:0	1.05	0.24	1.04	0.24	1.21	0.44	1.09	0.69
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C34:1	PC O-34:1	8.35	1.49	8.44	2.57	8.99	2.24	8.53	2.17
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C34:2	PC O-34:2	8.64	2.42	8.10	2.49	9.29	2.80	9.69	3.75
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C34:3	PC O-34:3	6.01	1.82	5.46	1.51	6.62	2.24	6.79	2.67
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36:0	PC O-36:0	0.44	0.09	0.44	0.09	0.56	0.18	0.56	0.26
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36:1	PC O-36:1	6.78	2.22	6.61	1.95	6.84	1.63	6.47	2.14
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36:2	PC O-36:2	10.03	1.87	10.30	2.55	10.89	3.05	10.90	3.71
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36:3	PC O-36:3	6.28	1.35	5.91	1.68	6.85	2.29	6.57	2.41
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36:4	PC O-36:4	14.90	3.27	14.20	3.10	15.84	4.61	15.90	4.85
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C36:5	PC O-36:5	9.66	2.36	9.49	1.34	11.79	3.46	13.10	3.34
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38:0	PC O-38:0	1.20	0.23	1.12	0.38	1.61	0.87	1.41	0.40
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38:1	PC O-38:1	0.88	1.08	0.50	0.14	0.66	0.31	0.63	0.43
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38:2	PC O-38:2	1.87	0.86	1.62	0.46	1.69	0.44	1.69	0.51
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38:3	PC O-38:3	3.64	1.44	3.38	0.98	3.18	0.86	3.10	1.15
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38:4	PC O-38:4	11.49	2.01	11.90	2.20	11.80	3.15	12.15	2.03
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38:5	PC O-38:5	16.34	3.60	16.50	3.50	18.85	5.28	19.00	5.43
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C38:6	PC O-38:6	5.69	1.57	6.01	2.13	7.38	2.58	6.97	3.04
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C40:1	PC O-40:1	0.72	0.17	0.69	0.22	0.79	0.29	0.72	0.35
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C40:2	PC O-40:2	1.48	0.34	1.39	0.45	1.59	0.48	1.58	0.48
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C40:3	PC O-40:3	1.10	0.83	0.79	0.20	0.94	0.26	1.00	0.36
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C40:4	PC O-40:4	2.08	0.51	1.90	0.59	1.82	0.48	1.84	0.21
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C40:5	PC O-40:5	3.70	0.84	3.41	0.72	3.74	1.07	3.51	0.70
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C40:6	PC O-40:6	3.92	1.02	3.60	1.43	4.97	2.02	4.59	1.93
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C42:1	PC O-42:1	0.20	0.04	0.19	0.04	0.20	0.02	0.20	0.02
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C42:2	PC O-42:2	0.43	0.08	0.44	0.09	0.43	0.13	0.39	0.07
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C42:3	PC O-42:3	0.54	0.12	0.53	0.17	0.52	0.12	0.48	0.10
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C42:4	PC O-42:4	0.81	0.22	0.77	0.18	0.68	0.19	0.70	0.17
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C42:5	PC O-42:5	2.19	0.49	2.12	0.72	2.02	0.41	2.10	0.42
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C44:3	PC O-44:3	0.10	0.03	0.10	0.02	0.09	0.02	0.09	0.02
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C44:4	PC O-44:4	0.34	0.08	0.32	0.11	0.30	0.07	0.29	0.06
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C44:5	PC O-44:5	1.93	0.60	1.82	0.80	1.61	0.31	1.59	0.41
Phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C44:6	PC O-44:6	1.11	0.36	1.12	0.50	1.00	0.18	1.03	0.31
Hydroxysphingomyeline C14:1	SM 33:1	4.32	0.79	4.61	0.66	5.22	1.37	5.07	2.06
Sphingomyeline C16:0	SM 34:1	94.75	8.79	95.50	12.50	104.11	17.98	107.00	22.28
Sphingomyeline C16:1	SM 34:2	10.85	1.50	11.10	2.33	12.15	2.05	12.70	2.70
Hydroxysphingomyeline C16:1	SM 35:1	2.60	0.42	2.61	0.45	3.24	0.99	3.15	1.37
Sphingomyeline C18:0	SM 36:1	19.82	2.54	20.20	1.60	22.75	6.14	22.85	7.65
Sphingomyeline C18:1	SM 36:2	8.06	1.11	8.01	0.89	9.04	2.37	9.08	2.41
Sphingomyeline C20:2	SM 38:3	0.26	0.05	0.25	0.08	0.26	0.09	0.26	0.13
Sphingomyeline C22:3	SM 40:4	0.79	0.21	0.77	0.28	0.78	0.17	0.76	0.28
Hydroxysphingomyeline C22:1	SM 41:1	12.19	1.87	12.20	2.60	13.35	3.45	12.15	4.53
Hydroxysphingomyeline C22:2	SM 41:2	8.67	1.47	8.99	1.57	9.91	2.55	9.53	3.58
Sphingomyeline C24:0	SM 42:1	20.03	3.29	20.10	4.60	21.86	4.10	22.95	6.43
Sphingomyeline C24:1	SM 42:2	42.22	7.30	42.10	11.50	48.30	9.31	50.15	13.35
Hydroxysphingomyeline C24:1	SM 43:1	1.15	0.25	1.09	0.25	1.31	0.40	1.35	0.45
Sphingomyeline C26:0	SM 44:1	0.17	0.04	0.16	0.03	0.18	0.04	0.19	0.04
Sphingomyeline C26:1	SM 44:2	0.36	0.08	0.33	0.10	0.46	0.12	0.49	0.19

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Biomarker Discovery in Childhood Asthma: A Pilot Study of Serum Metabolite Analysis for IgE-Dependent Allergy

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