18 June 2025 : Database Analysis
Decade-Long Analysis of Hepatitis Trends Among International Travelers at Shanghai Port (2013-2023)
Zhiying Ju ABCDEFG 1, Xuan Zhou ABCDEF 1, Peng Li ABCDEF 1, Ye Lu ABCDFG 1, Jia Qin ABCDEF 1*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948512
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948512
Table 2 Demographic comparison of hepatitis-positive arrival travelers detected at Shanghai port in different years.
| Year | Overall | χ2 | p | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |||||
| Gender | Female | 5 (33.33) | 14 (15.73) | 97 (29.94) | 221 (28.74) | 234 (31.33) | 199 (34.49) | 99 (30.65) | 96 (42.86) | 59 (31.72) | 64 (35.75) | 50 (39.37) | 1138 (31.97) | 33.788 | 0.000** |
| Male | 10 (66.67) | 75 (84.27) | 227 (70.06) | 548 (71.26) | 513 (68.67) | 378 (65.51) | 224 (69.35) | 128 (57.14) | 127 (68.28) | 115 (64.25) | 77 (60.63) | 2422 (68.03) | |||
| Age | ≤20 | 0 (0.00) | 2 (2.25) | 9 (2.78) | 12 (1.56) | 19 (2.54) | 19 (3.29) | 14 (4.33) | 1 (0.45) | 3 (1.61) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 79 (2.22) | 296.731 | 0.000** |
| 21–30 | 3 (20.00) | 10 (11.24) | 43 (13.27) | 98 (12.74) | 73 (9.77) | 70 (12.13) | 57 (17.65) | 24 (10.71) | 10 (5.38) | 23 (12.85) | 14 (11.02) | 425 (11.94) | |||
| 31–40 | 5 (33.33) | 29 (32.58) | 109 (33.64) | 263 (34.20) | 246 (32.93) | 189 (32.76) | 83 (25.70) | 40 (17.86) | 36 (19.35) | 24 (13.41) | 23 (18.11) | 1047 (29.41) | |||
| 41–50 | 5 (33.33) | 28 (31.46) | 103 (31.79) | 254 (33.03) | 247 (33.07) | 187 (32.41) | 91 (28.17) | 74 (33.04) | 59 (31.72) | 50 (27.93) | 28 (22.05) | 1126 (31.63) | |||
| 51–60 | 1 (6.67) | 17 (19.10) | 52 (16.05) | 118 (15.34) | 138 (18.47) | 94 (16.29) | 59 (18.27) | 64 (28.57) | 61 (32.80) | 64 (35.75) | 32 (25.20) | 700 (19.66) | |||
| ≥61 | 1 (6.67) | 3 (3.37) | 8 (2.47) | 24 (3.12) | 24 (3.21) | 18 (3.12) | 19 (5.88) | 21 (9.38) | 17 (9.14) | 18 (10.06) | 30 (23.62) | 183 (5.14) | |||
| Occupation | Unknown | 4 (26.67) | 8 (8.99) | 36 (11.11) | 41 (5.33) | 37 (4.95) | 23 (3.99) | 24 (7.43) | 25 (11.16) | 36 (19.35) | 24 (13.41) | 8 (6.30) | 266 (7.47) | 750.729 | 0.000** |
| Labor personnel | 6 (40.00) | 53 (59.55) | 210 (64.81) | 590 (76.72) | 585 (78.31) | 436 (75.56) | 171 (52.94) | 104 (46.43) | 105 (56.45) | 95 (53.07) | 45 (35.43) | 2400 (67.42) | |||
| Business personnel | 3 (20.00) | 13 (14.61) | 13 (4.01) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.13) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.89) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (2.23) | 0 (0.00) | 36 (1.01) | |||
| Foreigners residing/temporarily staying | 0 (0.00) | 2 (2.25) | 6 (1.85) | 18 (2.34) | 11 (1.47) | 14 (2.43) | 8 (2.48) | 2 (0.89) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (1.12) | 2 (1.57) | 65 (1.83) | |||
| Traveling to visit relatives | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.12) | 2 (0.62) | 0 (0.00) | 14 (1.87) | 6 (1.04) | 2 (0.62) | 6 (2.68) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (2.23) | 4 (3.15) | 39 (1.10) | |||
| Cross-border marriage | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.12) | 15 (4.63) | 41 (5.33) | 25 (3.35) | 27 (4.68) | 52 (16.10) | 61 (27.23) | 26 (13.98) | 24 (13.41) | 24 (18.90) | 296 (8.31) | |||
| Overseas students | 2 (13.33) | 11 (12.36) | 42 (12.96) | 79 (10.27) | 74 (9.91) | 71 (12.31) | 66 (20.43) | 24 (10.71) | 19 (10.22) | 26 (14.53) | 44 (34.65) | 458 (12.87) | |||
| Region | China (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) | 6 (40.00) | 36 (40.45) | 142 (43.83) | 377 (49.02) | 340 (45.52) | 223 (38.65) | 20 (6.19) | 11 (4.91) | 1 (0.54) | 1 (0.56) | 0 (0.00) | 1157 (32.50) | 769.658 | 0.000** |
| Southeast Asia | 3 (20.00) | 8 (8.99) | 42 (12.96) | 69 (8.97) | 64 (8.57) | 60 (10.40) | 49 (15.17) | 21 (9.38) | 30 (16.13) | 27 (15.08) | 15 (11.81) | 388 (10.90) | |||
| East Asia | 0 (0.00) | 12 (13.48) | 43 (13.27) | 116 (15.08) | 108 (14.46) | 76 (13.17) | 62 (19.20) | 53 (23.66) | 45 (24.19) | 40 (22.35) | 40 (31.50) | 595 (16.71) | |||
| West-Central Asia | 1 (6.67) | 3 (3.37) | 4 (1.23) | 6 (0.78) | 14 (1.87) | 20 (3.47) | 19 (5.88) | 8 (3.57) | 2 (1.08) | 6 (3.35) | 2 (1.57) | 85 (2.39) | |||
| South Asia | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.12) | 4 (1.23) | 11 (1.43) | 5 (0.67) | 13 (2.25) | 9 (2.79) | 2 (0.89) | 1 (0.54) | 2 (1.12) | 4 (3.15) | 52 (1.46) | |||
| North America | 0 (0.00) | 15 (16.85) | 34 (10.49) | 90 (11.70) | 98 (13.12) | 90 (15.60) | 71 (21.98) | 80 (35.71) | 63 (33.87) | 59 (32.96) | 30 (23.62) | 630 (17.70) | |||
| South America | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.62) | 1 (0.13) | 3 (0.40) | 2 (0.35) | 1 (0.31) | 3 (1.34) | 1 (0.54) | 1 (0.56) | 2 (1.57) | 16 (0.45) | |||
| Oceania | 2 (13.33) | 1 (1.12) | 11 (3.40) | 25 (3.25) | 28 (3.75) | 18 (3.12) | 17 (5.26) | 19 (8.48) | 12 (6.45) | 16 (8.94) | 13 (10.24) | 162 (4.55) | |||
| Europe | 3 (20.00) | 12 (13.48) | 25 (7.72) | 41 (5.33) | 61 (8.17) | 42 (7.28) | 48 (14.86) | 20 (8.93) | 20 (10.75) | 9 (5.03) | 15 (11.81) | 296 (8.31) | |||
| Africa | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.12) | 17 (5.25) | 33 (4.29) | 26 (3.48) | 33 (5.72) | 27 (8.36) | 7 (3.13) | 11 (5.91) | 18 (10.06) | 6 (4.72) | 179 (5.03) | |||
| Hepatitis | HAV | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.45) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.03) | 617.15 | 0.000** |
| HBV | 8 (53.33) | 33 (37.08) | 279 (86.11) | 740 (96.23) | 706 (94.51) | 558 (96.71) | 304 (94.12) | 214 (95.54) | 184 (98.92) | 175 (97.77) | 125 (98.43) | 3326 (93.43) | |||
| HBV+HCV | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.12) | 1 (0.31) | 2 (0.26) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.45) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (0.14) | |||
| HCV | 7 (46.67) | 54 (60.67) | 41 (12.65) | 27 (3.51) | 38 (5.09) | 19 (3.29) | 18 (5.57) | 8 (3.57) | 1 (0.54) | 4 (2.23) | 2 (1.57) | 219 (6.15) | |||
| HCV+HEV | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.31) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.03) | |||
| HEV | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.12) | 2 (0.62) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (0.40) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.31) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.54) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 8 (0.22) | |||
| * ** | |||||||||||||||