Decade-Long Analysis of Hepatitis Trends Among International Travelers at Shanghai Port (2013-2023)

Zhiying Ju; Xuan Zhou; Peng Li; Ye Lu; Jia Qin

doi:10.12659/MSM.948512

18 June 2025 : Database Analysis

Decade-Long Analysis of Hepatitis Trends Among International Travelers at Shanghai Port (2013-2023)

Zhiying Ju^{ABCDEFG 1}, Xuan Zhou^{ABCDEF 1}, Peng Li^{ABCDEF 1}, Ye Lu^{ABCDFG 1}, Jia Qin^{ABCDEF 1*}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948512

Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948512

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Table 3 Demographic comparison of hepatitis-positive departing travelers detected at Shanghai port in different years.

		Year											Overall	χ2	p
		2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	Overall	χ2	p
Gender	Female	8 (36.36)	16 (34.04)	20 (30.30)	71 (39.66)	58 (39.19)	35 (37.23)	32 (51.61)	4 (25.00)	12 (46.15)	2 (22.22)	7 (41.18)	265 (38.63)	9.924	0.447
Gender	Male	14 (63.64)	31 (65.96)	46 (69.70)	108 (60.34)	90 (60.81)	59 (62.77)	30 (48.39)	12 (75.00)	14 (53.85)	7 (77.78)	10 (58.82)	421 (61.37)	9.924	0.447
Age	≤20	0 (0.00)	5 (10.64)	6 (9.09)	17 (9.50)	20 (13.51)	16 (17.02)	7 (11.29)	2 (12.50)	4 (15.38)	0 (0.00)	4 (23.53)	81 (11.81)	70.007	0.032^*
	21–30	4 (18.18)	14 (29.79)	34 (51.52)	83 (46.37)	59 (39.86)	41 (43.62)	28 (45.16)	5 (31.25)	10 (38.46)	5 (55.56)	4 (23.53)	287 (41.84)
	31–40	6 (27.27)	10 (21.28)	16 (24.24)	40 (22.35)	31 (20.95)	22 (23.40)	14 (22.58)	2 (12.50)	3 (11.54)	2 (22.22)	6 (35.29)	152 (22.16)
	41–50	6 (27.27)	12 (25.53)	9 (13.64)	24 (13.41)	18 (12.16)	10 (10.64)	4 (6.45)	3 (18.75)	6 (23.08)	1 (11.11)	1 (5.88)	94 (13.70)
	51–60	3 (13.64)	6 (12.77)	1 (1.52)	8 (4.47)	10 (6.76)	1 (1.06)	3 (4.84)	3 (18.75)	1 (3.85)	1 (11.11)	1 (5.88)	38 (5.54)
	≥61	3 (13.64)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	7 (3.91)	10 (6.76)	4 (4.26)	6 (9.68)	1 (6.25)	2 (7.69)	0 (0.00)	1 (5.88)	34 (4.96)
Occupation	Unknown	10 (45.45)	17 (36.17)	18 (27.27)	25 (13.97)	27 (18.24)	14 (14.89)	6 (9.68)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	2 (11.76)	119 (17.35)	270.668	0.000^**
	Labor personnel	11 (50.00)	20 (42.55)	19 (28.79)	45 (25.14)	53 (35.81)	20 (21.28)	25 (40.32)	5 (31.25)	6 (23.08)	5 (55.56)	0 (0.00)	209 (30.47)
	Business personnel	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	3 (4.55)	4 (2.23)	1 (0.68)	0 (0.00)	1 (1.61)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	9 (1.31)
	Foreigners residing/temporarily staying	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1 (0.68)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1 (0.15)
	Traveling to visit relatives	1 (4.55)	0 (0.00)	3 (4.55)	32 (17.88)	5 (3.38)	5 (5.32)	11 (17.74)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	4 (23.53)	61 (8.89)
	Cross-border marriage	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1 (1.52)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1 (0.15)
	Overseas students	0 (0.00)	9 (19.15)	22 (33.33)	70 (39.11)	59 (39.86)	50 (53.19)	18 (29.03)	6 (37.50)	13 (50.00)	4 (44.44)	11 (64.71)	262 (38.19)
	Immigrated abroad	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1 (0.56)	0 (0.00)	4 (4.26)	1 (1.61)	5 (31.25)	7 (26.92)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	18 (2.62)
	Retired/Unemployed	0 (0.00)	1 (2.13)	0 (0.00)	2 (1.12)	2 (1.35)	1 (1.06)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	6 (0.87)
Hepatitis	HAV	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1 (0.56)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1 (3.85)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	2 (0.29)	77.365	0.000^**
	HBV	18 (81.82)	28 (59.57)	51 (77.27)	160 (89.39)	135 (91.22)	85 (90.43)	54 (87.10)	16 (100.00)	24 (92.31)	8 (88.89)	17 (100.00)	596 (86.88)
	HBV+HCV	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1 (1.52)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	1 (0.15)
	HCV	4 (18.18)	17 (36.17)	14 (21.21)	17 (9.50)	12 (8.11)	7 (7.45)	8 (12.90)	0 (0.00)	1 (3.85)	1 (11.11)	0 (0.00)	81 (11.81)
	HEV	0 (0.00)	2 (4.26)	0 (0.00)	1 (0.56)	1 (0.68)	2 (2.13)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	6 (0.87)
^* ^**

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Decade-Long Analysis of Hepatitis Trends Among International Travelers at Shanghai Port (2013-2023)

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