22 June 2025 : Review article
Linking Triglyceride-Glucose Index to Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Mechanisms and Predictive Insights
Jiahao Wang AEF 1,2, Yanling Zhou AEF 1,2, Yuruo Song EF 1,2, Qi Fang EF 1,2, Juan Xia EF 1,2, Pengxian Tao EF 3,4,5, Haizhong Ma EF 2,3,4, Dongzhi Zhang AEFG 6,2,3,4,7*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948695
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948695
Introduction
Role of Hypertension in SICH
Impact of Metabolic Abnormalities on SICH
Other Potential Risk Factors
TyG Index and Metabolic Syndrome
Potential Association Between SICH and the TyG Index
Application of the TyG Index in Early Prediction of SICH
Research Limitations and Future Directions
Conclusions
References
Table 2 Risk factors associated with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and prognosis.
| Smoking |
| Alcohol consumption |
| Hypertension |
| Waist-to-hip ratio |
| Dietary patterns |
| Medication use (anticoagulants, antithrombotic agents, and sympathomimetic drugs) |
| Lipid profile reduction (excessive decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides) |
| Advanced age |
| Male sex |
| Asian ethnicity |
| Chronic kidney disease |
| Cerebral amyloid angiopathy |
| Advanced age |
| Male sex |
| Hemorrhage location |
| Initial hematoma volume |
| Poor blood pressure control |
| Coagulopathy |
| Hematoma morphology (small and irregular hematoma) |
| Imaging features (blend sign, black hole sign, and island sign) |
| Baseline neurological function (eg, NIH Stroke Scale or Glasgow Coma Scale scores) |
| Laboratory markers (hyperglycemia, elevated matrix metalloproteinases [MMP-9 or MMP-3], and increased white blood cell count) |