04 August 2025 : Clinical Research
Yearlong Evaluation of Fall Risk Determinants Among 40 Older Adults in Two Residential Assisted Living Facilities
Wioletta Dziubek
ADFG 1, Tadeusz Filon ABDEF 2, Łukasz Rogowski ADF 3*, Małgorzata Stefańska CD 1, Joanna Kowalska DEF 1
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948717
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948717
Table 2 Results of the annual observation of the analyzed psychophysical characteristics.
| T1 | T2 | T3 | Friedman ANOVA | Kendall W | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | P | ||
| Number of falls (6 months) | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | * | 0.12 |
| 2MST [n] | 73.00 | 22.50 | 75.00 | 19.00 | 75.00 | 27.00 | 0.7077 | 0.01 |
| Gait speed (10 m) normal [m/s] | 0.79 | 0.25 | 0.73 | 0.15 | 0.70 | 0.20 | * | 0.36 |
| Gait speed max (10 m) [m/s] | 1.12 | 0.49 | 1.13 | 0.40 | 1.14 | 0.46 | 0.7054 | 0.01 |
| TUG [s] | 13.27 | 6.07 | 14.00 | 6.62 | 13.94 | 7.50 | 0.1707 | 0.07 |
| Hip strength F [kg] | 15.00 | 8.00 | 16.00 | 5.00 | 16.00 | 5.00 | 0.1725 | 0.07 |
| Knee force E [kg] | 23.00 | 8.25 | 23.00 | 7.00 | 23.00 | 6.50 | * | 0.16 |
| Knee strength F [kg] | 15.00 | 7.25 | 17.00 | 5.00 | 17.00 | 4.50 | 0.1339 | 0.07 |
| Hand strength F [kg] | 18.00 | 10.75 | 16.00 | 8.50 | 16.00 | 8.50 | 0.2934 | 0.05 |
| Balance eyes open: area COP [mm] | 58.94 | 58.34 | 58.36 | 61.85 | 51.30 | 103.21 | 0.3545 | 0.04 |
| Balance eyes closed: area COP [mm] | 105.80 | 156.72 | 73.72 | 103.54 | 104.18 | 186.67 | 0.1690 | 0.07 |
| MOCA | 22.00 | 5.50 | 21.00 | 4.00 | 22.00 | 7.00 | 0.4819 | 0.03 |
| HADS Depression | 3.50 | 5.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 7.00 | * | 0.16 |
| HADS Anxiety | 5.00 | 5.00 | 4.00 | 6.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 0.8302 | 0.01 |
| FES | 16.00 | 15.50 | 19.00 | 18.00 | 19.00 | 22.00 | 0.1714 | 0.07 |
| POMA | 15.00 | 1.00 | 15.00 | 2.00 | 15.00 | 2.00 | 0.2548 | 0.05 |
| POMA Walk | 9.00 | 2.00 | 9.00 | 2.00 | 9.00 | 2.00 | 0.2974 | 0.04 |
| POMA (fall risk: 0–18 points=high, 19–23 points=moderate, 24–28 points=low) | 24.00 | 2.50 | 24.00 | 3.00 | 24.00 | 3.00 | 0.3983 | 0.03 |
| 2 MST – 2-minute step test; TUG – Timed Up and Go test; MOCA – Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HADS – Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; FES – Fall Efficacy Scale; POMA – Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment; COP – center of pressure; T1 – initial survey; T2 – survey after 6 months; T3 – survey after 12 months; IQR – interquartile range; * | ||||||||