13 June 2025 : Clinical Research
Validation of the Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI) among Taiwanese Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Yin-Han Wang ABCDEFG 1, Tsung-Ming Yang
BDEG 2,3, Tien-Pei Fang BDE 3, Huang-Tzu Ou ADE 4,5, Szu-Chun Yang ADE 6, Chun-Mei Huang ABCEFG 7*, Mark D. Griffiths DE 8, Chung-Ying Lin ACDEF 9,10,11,12,13
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948762
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948762
Table 2 Characteristics of the participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (N=235).
| Variable | Mean (SD) or n (%) | Range |
|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) | 72.18 (10.19) | 44 to 96 |
| Sex (male) | 220 (93.6) | |
| No. of comorbidities | 1.11 (1.04) | 0 to 5 |
| Cigarette smoking status | ||
| Never | 37 (15.7) | |
| Former smoker | 141 (60.0) | |
| Current smoker | 57 (24.3) | |
| Educational level | ||
| Primary school or below | 139 (59.1) | |
| High school or above | 96 (40.9) | |
| GOLD grade | ||
| GOLD 1 | 83 (35.3) | |
| GOLD 2 | 95 (40.4) | |
| GOLD 3 | 41 (17.4) | |
| GOLD 4 | 16 (6.8) | |
| COPD group | ||
| A | 169 (71.9) | |
| B | 49 (20.9) | |
| C | 5 (2.1) | |
| D | 12 (5.1) | |
| CAT Score | (0–40) | |
| CAT <10 | 181 (77.0) | |
| CAT ≥10 | 54 (23.0) | |
| mMRC Score | (0–4) | |
| mMRC <2 | 157 (66.8) | |
| mMRC ≥2 | 78 (33.2) | |
| Illness duration (year) | 4.40 (2.67) | 0.1 to 19.6 |
| Technique correctness (%) | 98.35 (5.85) | 62 to 100 |
| GOLD – Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CAT – the COPD assessment test; mMRC – Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale. | ||