Validation of the Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI) among Taiwanese Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

13 June 2025 : Clinical Research

Yin-Han Wang^{ABCDEFG 1}, Tsung-Ming Yang

^{BDEG 2,3}, Tien-Pei Fang^{BDE 3}, Huang-Tzu Ou

^{ADE 4,5}, Szu-Chun Yang

^{ADE 6}, Chun-Mei Huang^{ABCEFG 7*}, Mark D. Griffiths^{DE 8}, Chung-Ying Lin^{ACDEF 9,10,11,12,13}

DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948762

Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948762

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Table 3 Item properties of the Test of Inhaler Adherence.

TAI item	Mean	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis	Loading	ITC
TAI1	4.86	0.38	−2.75	7.27	0.57	0.55
TAI2	4.74	0.58	−2.23	4.28	0.72	0.67
TAI3	4.92	0.35	−4.77	22.31	0.70	0.66
TAI4	4.87	0.43	−3.50	11.43	0.68	0.61
TAI5	4.95	0.24	−5.01	27.15	0.56	0.51
TAI6	4.97	0.20	−6.61	48.11	0.52	0.47
TAI7	4.95	0.30	−7.34	59.02	0.40	0.35
TAI8	4.89	0.43	−3.79	13.23	0.80	0.71
TAI9	4.95	0.27	−6.15	39.18	0.57	0.52
TAI10	4.98	0.16	−10.35	115.20	−0.02	−0.02
TAI – Test of the Adherence to Inhaler; ITC – item-to-total correlation. Cronbach’s α=0.82 (all 10 TAI items) and 0.84 (without TAI10 item); factor loadings were derived from the exploratory factor analysis with extraction of principal axis factoring method.

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