13 October 2025 : Clinical Research
Correlation of Pattern and Presentation of Maxillofacial Injuries with Seatbelt Law Compliance in Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Zahir Kota
ABCF 1, Sherry Andrews ABCD 2, Abdul Ahad Ghaffar Khan CEFG 1*, Chidozie Ifechi Onwuka CDEF 1, Ali Fahed Alqahtani CDEF 3, Nada Mohammed Alhussain BDEF 1, Saad M. Alshahrani ABDF 1, Yasser Mohammed ABDF 1, Imran Khalid BDEF 1, Fawaz Abdul Hamid Baig BCDF 1, Mohammed Ibrahim CDEF 1, Abosofyan Salih Atta Elfadeel ABDE 1, Shahi Jahan Shah BCDF 1, Mashail M.M. Hamid BCDF 1, Samuel Ebele Udeabor BCDF 1
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948799
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948799
Table 4 Distribution of facial traumas with associated injuries considering seatbelt use by road traffic accident patients.
| Maxillofacial trauma | Frontal | ZMC | NOE | Le Fort I, II, III | Mandible | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WSB | NWSB | WSB | NWSB | WSB | NWSB | WSB | NWSB | WSB | NWSB | ||
| Skull | n | 1 | 11 | 4 | 42 | 0 | 30 | 3 | 58 | 5 | 41 |
| % | 8.3% | 28.2% | 12.9% | 30.2% | 0% | 30.6% | 4.9% | 95.1% | 15.2% | 21.5% | |
| Thorax | n | 5 | 19 | 1 | 41 | 6 | 38 | 5 | 57 | 7 | 36 |
| % | 41.7% | 48.7% | 3.2% | 29.5% | 42.9% | 38.8% | 8.1% | 91.9% | 21.2% | 18.8% | |
| Abdomen | n | 6 | 17 | 8 | 12 | 6 | 23 | 7 | 16 | 14 | 22 |
| % | 50% | 43.6% | 25.8% | 8.6% | 42.9% | 23.5% | 30.4% | 69.6% | 42.4% | 11.5% | |
| Upper limb | n | 0 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 2 | 13 | 3 | 20 | 3 | 19 |
| % | 0% | 17.9% | 9.7% | 6.5% | 14.3% | 13.3% | 13% | 87% | 9.1% | 9.9% | |
| Lower limb | n | 0 | 4 | 3 | 14 | 3 | 13 | 4 | 25 | 4 | 22 |
| % | 0% | 10.3% | 9.7% | 10.1% | 21.4% | 13.3% | 13.8% | 86.2% | 12.1% | 11.5% | |
| Neck | n | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 5 |
| % | 0% | 5.1% | 6.5% | 4.3% | 0% | 2% | 9.1% | 90.9% | 6.1% | 2.6% | |
| WSB – wearing seatbelt; NWSB – not wearing seatbelt; NOE – naso-orbito-ethmoid; ZMC – zygomaticomaxillary complex. | |||||||||||