13 October 2025 : Clinical Research
Correlation of Pattern and Presentation of Maxillofacial Injuries with Seatbelt Law Compliance in Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Zahir Kota
ABCF 1, Sherry Andrews ABCD 2, Abdul Ahad Ghaffar Khan CEFG 1*, Chidozie Ifechi Onwuka CDEF 1, Ali Fahed Alqahtani CDEF 3, Nada Mohammed Alhussain BDEF 1, Saad M. Alshahrani ABDF 1, Yasser Mohammed ABDF 1, Imran Khalid BDEF 1, Fawaz Abdul Hamid Baig BCDF 1, Mohammed Ibrahim CDEF 1, Abosofyan Salih Atta Elfadeel ABDE 1, Shahi Jahan Shah BCDF 1, Mashail M.M. Hamid BCDF 1, Samuel Ebele Udeabor BCDF 1
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948799
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948799
Table 6 Distribution of facial traumas considering seatbelt use by road traffic accident patients and type of treatment provided.
| Maxillofacial trauma | No treatment | Closed reduction | Open reduction | Closed reduction with soft-tissue closure | Chi-square value, P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WSB | NWSB | WSB | NWSB | WSB | NWSB | WSB | NWSB | |||
| Frontal | n | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 39 | 0 | 0 | No statistics computed as variable is constant |
| % | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 23.5% | 76.5% | 0% | 0% | ||
| NOE | n | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 14 | 86 | 0 | 0 | χ=1.920, =0.166 |
| % | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% | 14% | 86% | 0% | 0% | ||
| ZMC | n | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 31 | 138 | 0 | 0 | χ=0.224, =0.636 |
| % | 0% | 0% | 0% | 100% | 18.3% | 81.7% | 0% | 0% | ||
| Le Fort I, II, III fracture | n | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 38 | 231 | 0 | 0 | χ=0.493, =0.782 |
| % | 0% | 100% | 0% | 100% | 14.1% | 85.9% | 0% | 0% | ||
| Mandible | n | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 33 | 188 | 0 | 0 | χ=0.525, =0.769 |
| % | 0% | 100% | 0% | 100% | 14.7% | 85.1% | 0% | 0% | ||
| WSB – wearing seatbelt; NWSB – not wearing seatbelt; NOE – naso-orbito-ethmoid; ZMC – zygomaticomaxillary complex. Asterisks represent statistical significance. | ||||||||||