25 June 2025 : Clinical Research
Differentiating Between Methylphenidate Use and Misuse: Clinical Insights From University Students and Academic Staff in Türkiye
Meltem Gürü ABCDEFG 1*DOI: 10.12659/MSM.948984
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e948984
Table 2 Most frequent psychiatric and medical comorbidities among ındividuals seeking methylphenidate (n=135), by ADHD diagnosis and misuse pattern.
| Group/variable | Psychiatric comorbidities | Reported medical comorbidities |
|---|---|---|
| ADHD-diagnosed misusers (n=4) | Cannabis use disorder (n=3, 75.0%)Alcohol use disorder (n=2, 50.0%)Tic disorder (n=1, 25.0%) | Severe obesity (n=1, 25.0%) |
| ADHD-diagnosed non-misusers (n=45) | Generalized anxiety disorder (n=10, 22.2%)Obsessive-compulsive disorder (n=5, 11.1%)Major depressive disorder (n=3, 6.7%) | Severe obesity (n=4, 8.9%) |
| Non-ADHD misusers (n=16) | None (n=7, 43.8%)Alcohol use disorder (n=5, 31.2%)Generalized anxiety disorder (n=5, 31.2%) | None |
| Non-ADHD non-misusers (n=70) | Generalized anxiety disorder (n=26, 37.1%)Major depressive disorder (n=23, 32.9%)None (n=22, 31.4%) | Hypertension (n=1, 1.4%) |
| ADHD – attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatric comorbidities were identified excluding ADHD as a primary diagnosis. “None” indicates absence of any additional psychiatric diagnosis or reported medical comorbidity. Individuals may have more than 1 diagnosis; therefore, the sum of n or% may exceed group totals. | ||