09 July 2025 : Clinical Research
Performance of AI Chatbots in Preliminary Diagnosis of Maxillofacial Pathologies
Ridvan Guler
ABDEF 1*, Emine Yalcin BCEF 1
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.949076
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e949076
Table 3 Answers given by chatbots for preliminary diagnosis of each neoplasm case.
| What is the most probable preliminary diagnosis based on the radiographic images? | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Options for preliminary diagnosis | Chatbots answers | |||
| ChatGPT | Grok | Blackbox AI | Claude AI | ||
| 1 | A. Fibrous dysplasiaB. HyperparathyroidismD. Ossifying fibroma* | * | * | Fibrous dysplasia | * |
| 2 | A. Fibrous dysplasiaB. Cemento-osseous dysplasiaC. Osteoid osteoma* | Cemento-osseous dysplasia | * | Cemento-osseous dysplasia | Cemento-osseous dysplasia |
| 3 | A. AmeloblastomaB. Odontogenic myxomaD. Cementoblastoma* | * | * | * | Odontogenic myxoma |
| 4 | B. OsteomaC. HypercementosisD. Cementoblastoma* | Osteoma | Cemento-blastoma | Hypercemen-tosis | Hypercemen-tosis |
| 5 | A. Radicular cystC. Dentigerous cystD. Keratocyst* | * | Dentigerous cyst | Dentigerous cyst | Keratocyst |
| 6 | A. Periapical cemental dysplasiaB. HypercementosisD. Condensing osteitis* | Periapical cemental dysplasia | * | * | Hypercemen-tosis |
| 7 | A. Odontogenic myxomaC. Calcified odontogenic tumorD. Central giant cell granuloma* | * | * | Central giant cell granuloma | Calcified odontogenic tumor |
| 8 | A. CherubismB. Odontogenic myxomaC. Aneurysmal bone cyst* | * | Odontogenic myxoma | * | Odontogenic myxoma |
| 9 | A. CandidiasisC. Verrucous fibrosisD. Pyogenic granuloma* | * | * | * | Verrucous fibrosis |
| 10 | B. Mucoepidermoid carsinomaC. Calcified odontogenic tumorD. Ameloblastoma* | * | Mucoepi-dermoid carcinoma | Ameloblastoma | Mucoepi-dermoid carcinoma |
| 11 | A. Ossifying fibromaC. Ameloblastic fibromaD. Osteoma* | * | Osteoma | Ossifying fibroma | * |
| 12 | A. Paget’s diseaseB. Periapical cemental dysplasiaC. Cementoma* | * | * | * | Periapical cemental dysplasia |
| 13 | B. OdontomaC. Ameloblastic fibromaD. Ossifying fibroma* | Odontoma | * | Ameloblastic fibroma | Ossifying fibroma |
| 14 | A. Pyogenic granulomaB. HyperparathyroidismD. Periferik ossifiye fibroma* | * | Pyogenic granuloma | * | * |
| * Correct answer. | |||||