07 December 2025 : Clinical Research
Peripheral Intravenous Access Rates Obtained by Emergency Medical Services in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study
Paweł Samocki
ACDEF 1,2*, Robert Gałązkowski ACDEF 3, Patryk Rzońca ACDEF 4, Daniel Celiński ABCDEF 3, Katarzyna Przybyłek ACDEF 1
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.949115
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e949115
Table 3 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with peripheral intravenous cannulation in pediatric patients.
| Variables | OR | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year (ref. 2020) | |||
| 2021 | 0.82 | 0.69–0.98 | 0.024 |
| 2022 | 0.77 | 0.66–0.90 | 0.001 |
| Season (ref. Spring) | |||
| Summer | 1.44 | 1.20–1.72 | 0.000 |
| Autumn | 1.19 | 0.99–1.43 | 0.072 |
| Winter | 0.95 | 0.78–1.16 | 0.625 |
| Time of day (ref. 0: 00 AM – 7: 59 AM) | |||
| 8: 00 AM – 03: 59 PM | 1.71 | 1.37–2.13 | <0.001 |
| 4: 00 PM – 11: 59 PM | 1.52 | 1.21–1.89 | <0.001 |
| Age (ref. <1 year) | |||
| 1–4 years | 2.05 | 1.07–3.94 | 0.031 |
| 5–11 years | 9.18 | 4.97–16.99 | <0.001 |
| 12–18 years | 22.66 | 12.41–41.37 | <0.001 |
| Trauma | 1.96 | 1.70–2.27 | <0.001 |
| Poisoning | 3.88 | 2.73–5.51 | <0.001 |
| Follow up (ref. Transport to hospital by EMS) | |||
| Leave in place | 0.17 | 0.13–0.21 | <0.001 |
| Transfer to HEMS | 5.86 | 2.74–12.56 | <0.001 |
| Other | 0.32 | 0.08–1.34 | 0.118 |
| OR – odds ratio; 95% CI – 95% confidence interval; EMS – Emergency Medical Services; HEMS – Helicopter Emergency Medical Services; IV – intravenous. | |||