02 August 2025 : Clinical Research
Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Evaluated by Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES)
Banu Tijen Ceylan
ABCDEFG 1*, Meltem Gürü ABCDEFG 2
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.949150
Med Sci Monit 2025; 31:e949150
Table 2 Comparison of demographic, clinical, and psychiatric characteristics between group 1 (impaired swallowing) and group 2 (normal swallowing).
| Group 1n=24 (%) | Group 2n=39 (%) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age | 61.0 (min: 30–max: 78) | 56.0 (min: 24–max: 73) | * | |
| Gender | Female | 6 (%25.0) | 24 (%61.5) | ** |
| Male | 18 (%75.0) | 15 (%38.5) | ||
| Presence of medical comorbidities | 21 (%87.5) | 25 (%64.1) | 0.082*** | |
| History of psychiatric diagnosis | 3 (%12.5) | 18 (%46.2) | *** | |
| History of psychiatric treatment | 2 (%8.3) | 18 (%46.2) | ** | |
| BAI ≥16 | 14 (%58.3) | 16 (%41.0) | 0.282*** | |
| BDI ≥17 | 13 (%54.2) | 10 (%25.6) | *** | |
| min – minimum; max – maximum; BAI – Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI – Beck Depression Inventory. * Mann-Whitney U Test; ** Chi-square/Fisher’s Exact; *** Chi-square. Cutoff scores for BAI (≥16) and BDI (≥17) were selected based on commonly used severity thresholds for moderate levels of anxiety and depression, respectively. | ||||